Photography Lessons:

Wedding Photography

Wedding photography in itself is a challenging vocation. Adding travelling to a different destination adds another dimension to it.

Destination weddings are those that are organised by the family of the wedding couple at a destination far away from their home. And photographers who travel with the couple to these destinations to document their events through photographs are called as destination wedding photographers.

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Destination wedding photography is a fusion of travel and adventure photography clubbed with wedding photography itself. It’s a mix that though seems to be a lot of fun, has a lot of effort, planning and execution that goes through it. Wedding photography can be tricky enough in itself. There are deadlines, tight schedules and a lot of processing work in front of the computer. Destination wedding photography can throw a lot more challenges in the mix.

If you are reading this, you probably are a well-established wedding photographer who is trying to add destination wedding photography to your list of offerings. Or may-be you want to move on straight away to destination wedding photography. Either way, here are some tips that will help you with setting your destination wedding photography business up.

Getting started

In wedding photography, no matter how talented you are, the success of a photographer heavily lies on referrals. It basically boils down to getting the word out there about your services, both online and through word of mouth. Most travelling wedding photographers invest in spending some time at the destination where they just finished the shoot to network with the locals. In wedding photography business, this kind of direct networking goes a long way.

While you are at it, never forget to mention about your love for travel. Make sure people know that you love to travel to such an extent that you are willing to travel to any destination where the couple are intending to get married.

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Plan ahead

Probably the biggest challenge there is with destination wedding photography is that when it comes to international travel you have to be prepared way ahead in advance. And that includes work permit or visa, learning about culture, restrictions and rules of the place you are travelling to. The last thing you want to do is tax the wedding couple with your travel problems.

Always assume the worst and prepare for the worst case scenario. It’s even better to have a backup plan for every plan that you have made for your trip.

Build your rapport

In most of the assignments, you will most likely meet the wedding couple a day before the wedding when you reach your destination. This makes it difficult to create a face-value for yourself. An online call over skype, or a good old telephone call goes a long way in helping you build you rapport with your clients. It’s also a good idea to follow them over Facebook and Twitter. Bring this habit of networking when interacting with your wedding clients and most likely, when the wedding couple see you for the first time, they will greet you like a bunch of long lost friends.

It’s a great idea to keep in touch with the wedding couple as the days close by to the wedding. You don’t have to call them every now and then. You can text and email them, check availability and then call if necessary. Check with the couple if you can cover the rehearsal and engagement session as well. This will lead to building trust with your client and will help build a relaxed atmosphere during the wedding day.

Know what’s at stake

Travelling to various locations and following your passion of photography does sound dreamy but know that it comes at a price. The biggest thing that you will need to consider is that you will be away from your family for most of the days. It also requires a lot of planning, time management skills and a lot of effort to building your own brand name in this niche.

So, ask yourself. If destination wedding photography is really for you?

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The first step towards this dream job is to sharpen your skills at wedding photography itself. Like most businesses around the world. You will have to start small with local weddings and build your name and reputation with everyone you meet. From there on, take your presence online. Create your own blog, share your experiences, write blog posts frequently and promote them on your social networks.

Street Photography

Street photography is all about detailing the everyday life of people, society and circumstances on the street. It features the subject in open situations within public places. Street photography is a kind of photography which is generally done without the permission and knowledge of the subject. It’s like an art that features the ability to spot an interesting character or some rare incident on the fly. It doesn’t require the presence of any street or urban environment. You can practice your street photography anywhere and it doesn’t require travelling a lot to capture awesome shots.

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Street photography is one of the most challenging and exciting types of photography. Capturing strangers along with their actions and emotions is the ultimate goal and it requires good planning and skills. However, street photography is not as easy as its name might suggest. Photographers do face a lot of challenges, such as how far can you stand from your subject, put the camera close to your eye, focus on the subject, and click without getting nervous. With practice, one can overcome the fear of photographing strangers as well as learn the various techniques that can help in getting better candid shots.

In this article, Shaw Academy is going to explain that will help you in taking awesome pictures of people without getting noticed.

Choose the best lens:

Deciding which lens to use in street photography is the most important aspect. Street photographers get very close to their subject as it allows them to capture the actions and emotions. Whether you want to capture the subject’s emotion or portray an action, a wide angle lens is usually best. People also prefer to choose a compact camera as it’s lightweight, smaller and easy to carry.

Camera Settings:

Switch your camera to aperture-priority mode and keep on selecting the ISO and aperture manually. This combination is ideal while doing street photography. If possible, choose a high ISO with as fast a shutter speed as allowable as it will give you a perfect shot and reduce motion blur. It’s recommended to keep the ISO settings between 400 and 3200. Also, be prepared to change the camera setting fast.

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Get close to the subject:

Using a wide-angle lens is suggested in street photography as it gets you close to the subject. However, you also need to get physically close to the subject to be an observer and keep your eyes open to capture interesting scenes and moments. Getting close to the subject is very important to get a good picture composition and lea out any distractions.

Shoot from the hip:

It’s perfect to shoot with the camera to your eye, however, sometimes it’s not possible in street photography. Holding the camera and pointing it at a stranger sometimes feels and looks odd. So, shooting from the hip is the best method to capture vital moments. It also helps in capturing people from a low angle.
Be creative: It’s necessary to be creative in street photography. Look for interesting spots, spend time at restaurants, markets and keeping your camera ready to take opportunities. This is the best way to get creative and capture technically superior photographs.

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Forget about image quality:

This may sound odd, but it’s true. Image quality is not important in street photography. According to professional photographer, lighting, composition, depth, the drama and the story are more important than the image quality. Image quality has no value if you have bad composition and no story to tell in street photography.

Zone focus:

According to Spyros Papaspyropoulos, “zone focusing is when we adjust our camera to be in focus for a particular zone, or a particular size of invisible mask. This can be a short zone or a long zone”. It’s very crucial in street photography and depends upon three aspects, i.e. aperture, lens focal length and subject distance.
Have fun: Like other photography, it’s important to have fun with street photography too. Fun brings happiness and creativity, which is required to get the best out of your street photography. Moreover, the more fun you have, the more relaxed you are. You will see the reflection of joy in your pictures.

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The key for successful and beautiful street photography is to be organized, prepared and confident. You should practice capturing the right moments and develop an eye for detail. Street photography requires more practice, patience and creativity.

Following these tips will definitely enhance your street photography. With the information mentioned above, you should be ready to capture the perfect shots every time.

Pet Photography

Pets are often just furry children, taking up a lot of space in their owner’s hearts and, of course, things that are close to the heart make great photographic subjects. Although they are a beloved subject to shoot, most pets don’t sit still and certainly don’t understand “look at the camera.” Capturing the furriest members of the family can be a big challenge. Here are seven pet photography tips for beginners to get started.

 Be patient

Be patient

Photographing pets is a lot like photographing children. A good degree of patience is necessary. Pets aren’t likely to look at you and give you a winning shot the first time you press the shutter release. Plan to spend some time working to get those shots. If the pet doesn’t have a long attention span, try working in short bursts, giving both you and the pet a break in between.

Get their attention with treats and toys

Most pets aren’t going to look at the camera, at least not easily. Some pets will look at you when you call their name. Others may have a preference for squeaker toys. Some may be eager to look for a treat.  If you are not photographing your own pet, be sure to ask the owner what catches their attention most. You don’t want too much attention, or they will rush up to the camera and be too close to photograph, just enough to get them looking your way.

Let them play

Let them play

You don’t necessarily need to photograph them looking at you. While portraits where the pet is sitting and looking nicely at the camera are great, photographing pets at play can make some great images too. Simply letting the pet play is a good way to capture their individual personality. Play fetch with a dog or encourage a cat to play with cat nip, or string. If you can, head outside to capture the play in natural lighting.

Shoot at their eye level

If you photograph from your eye level, chances are you will be looking down on them (perhaps if you are photographing a horse, this isn’t the case). Looking down on a subject will make it appear smaller than it really is. A better approach is to shoot from their eye level. That may mean sitting, kneeling or even lying on your stomach. However awkward the adjusted position may feel, the perspective captures pets much better. Shooting at the pet’s eye level will help the photos to feel more like portraits than casual snapshots.

Focus on the eyes

Focus on the eyes

In any portrait, pet or human, you should focus on the eyes. That’s what adds personality and depth to the shot, so be sure to get the eyes crisply focused. The easiest way to get the eyes in focus is to use single point autofocus. This mode allows you to move the focus point to whatever part you would like to focus on, in this case, the eyes. You can usually find the setting in the camera menu, and then move the point with the cursor. If you’re not sure, check with your camera’s manual, since every model is a bit different.

Use a fast shutter speed or sports mode

Most pets move fast. You’ll need a shutter speed to match, or they’ll appear blurry. If you haven’t yet learned how to use manual modes, use your camera’s sports mode to help freeze the action. If you’re a bit familiar with the manual modes, use shutter priority mode to select a high shutter speed. Outdoors, push the shutter speed as high as the scenario will allow. Indoors, you will likely need to use a flash with a 1/250 shutter speed to really freeze the action.

Try a diffused or bounced flash

Don't be afraid to use flash

Don’t be afraid to use a flash if the animal isn’t startled by it. A flash will actually help freeze the motion a bit more. The key is not to use a direct flash. Ideally, you should use an external hot shoe flash and bounce the light off the ceiling or a wall. Alternatively, you could also buy a diffuser to fit over your pop up flash, so it’s not quite so harsh, but a bounced flash is the best option. If the flash startles the pet though, avoid using it altogether.

As members of the family, pets should be photographed too. Be patient and come prepared with treats and toys, or simply photograph them at play. Shoot at their eye level, with a single point autofocus on one of their eyes. Use a fast shutter speed, and if needed, a flash to freeze the motion.

Kids Photography

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Kids are constantly growing and changing. Of course, that makes them great portrait subjects to watch them grow throughout the years. But at the same time, kids are among the most difficult portrait subjects. They usually don’t have much of an attention span, have trouble sitting still and many are too little to understand what pose you want them to do.

That’s why, when it comes to posing kids, it’s an entirely different ballgame. Posing kids involves a much different strategy than posing teens and adults. Instead of expecting a child to sit still and say cheese, taking a child’s portrait involves getting creative with poses. Here are eight ideas for posing children.

“Act like a _______!”

In general, the older the child is, the easier it is to pose them, though of course there’s exceptions for different personality types. For kids that are just on the edge of understanding how to pose and what you are asking, try using something they’re already familiar with. For example, ask them to act like a certain animal, like a lion or a bird. You could ask them what they want to be when they grow up, and then ask how that career person would pose for a picture. This method involves things that kids are more familiar with, but it also is more likely to generate genuine expressions as well.

Use props.

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Sitting still isn’t fun for kids. Ditch that idea and instead take photos of the child at play by incorporating fun props that still look great in pictures. The possibilities are endless here. Bubbles are great props, and almost universally loved by kids. Balloons can add bright pops of color to a shot and work particularly great for birthday photos. Props don’t have to be items that you bring—they could be taking pictures on a swing set at a park, picking wildflowers or playing in puddles after the rain.

Give them an action instead.

Not only are actions easier for kids to understand, they’re also more entertaining and more likely to generate those real smiles that light up the eyes too. Make sure your camera is set at a fast shutter speed, then ask the child to jump, run, sing or any of hundreds of other options. Exactly what you do will depend on the child and their age—you may get great shots of older kids by asking for something a bit more complicated, like a cartwheel or handstand. Take photos of the action, but be ready to capture the happy smiles that usually happen right after as well.

Use a familiar environment.

Use a familiar environment

Putting a kid in a setting they’re not familiar with is bound to create some discomfort. Instead of starting with a bundle of nerves right off the bat, head to an environment that the child is familiar with. It could be their own home or backyard, their favorite park. Set up the pose in a place that the child is comfortable with, and you’ll be more likely to have success.

Use a favorite toy.

Use a favorite toy

Take that comfort level one step further, and invite the child to bring their favorite toy with them to the photo shoot. Favorite toys are comforting, but they can also be used as props or at least ice breakers. Start out the session with the child playing with their toy, and move on to other set-ups without the toy as they become more comfortable with you and the camera. By photographing the child with their favorite toy, you’re also giving them an image of something else to remember from their childhood, so as an adult they can look back and remember what they played with as a kid.

Try some sweets.

Most kids can’t help but crack a smile when presented with a sweet treat. Make sure to check with the child’s parents first, but sweets can make nice props. A colorful lollipop or an ice cream cone can generate some great smiles without the pressure of a pose, and they still look great included in the photos. Be sure to save sweet props for the end, to avoid getting clothes and faces messy at the start of the session.

Play a game.

Play a game

Games can be great ways to capture genuine smiles and get a shy child to open up, or a fidgety kid to burn off some of that energy. Hide and seek can create some cute images of kids peeking out from behind objects (just set some boundaries so you don’t spend too much time seeking!). Hopscotch is also fun and photogenic. Twister, tag, marco polo—the key is to get the child to engage in something fun for real smiles. Games work well for kids that have a hard time sitting still, even if they are old enough to pose.

Involve the family.

Once of the best ways to get a good pose and a genuine smile is by using those who know the little one the best. Moms and dads can often stand behind you and joke or make silly faces for smiles, and help translate the pose you are looking for into something that they’ll understand. It’s also a great idea to get mom and dad in some of the photos too—they can expand the possibilities of getting a good pose through asking for an action. The child can tell mom a secret, or be tossed in the air by dad, or swing from both parent’s hands.

Kids are wonderful subjects—but they’re often hard to work with. Instead of fighting against a child’s natural instinct to move and play, work with it by creating a pose through action, games or fun props.

Macro Photography

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A camera is a tool that allows us to capture what we see, as we see it. But sometimes, the camera is also a tool that encourages us to look. Macro photography is an excellent example of just that.

What is macro photography?

Macro photography is simply photographing small items, often insects and flowers, but also still life like jewelry and small household objects. Macro photography encourages the photographer to take a closer look. It enables the shooter to search harder for minute subject matter and to make the everyday objects appear extraordinary.

In the days of film, the answer to “what is macro photography” was a little stricter, and required much more equipment. Shooting with a film camera, an image that captured something that was at least 1/10th of the original size on a piece of 35mm film was considered macro. Images that captured the object life-size, or at a 1:1 ratio, were considered micro.

Today, macro photography doesn’t require nearly as much equipment. Many point-and-shoot cameras have macro modes that can capture pretty decent close-ups. A macro lens with a DSLR offers even more quality, and offers additional flexibility for getting closer with adapters and other gear.

The macro capabilities of a camera can be written in two different ways. The first is using ratio. A 1:1 macro image means that lens will capture a life-sized image of an object. A 1:2 ratio captures a small object at half of its original size, and vice versa.

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More commonly, a camera or lenses macro capability is measured in the distance the object can be from the front of the lens. Perhaps you’ve tried to take a close photo with a compact camera, only to hear the lens whirring in back and forth, unable to lock a focus. That’s because you were either too close to the subject, or you forgot to turn the macro mode on.

The minimum focusing distance, listed in a camera’s specifications, indicates just how close you can get in macro photography. Many modern, advanced compacts let you get an inch from the object and still focus. A compact camera’s lens focuses on subjects at varying lengths by moving the lens closer or further from the sensor. Macro photography requires the lens to be close to the sensor to acquire a focus, and not all cameras are able to position the lens close enough to lock a focus.

On most compact cameras, there’s a shortcut to tell the camera you’d like to focus close to the lens. This shortcut looks like a small flower icon. When macro mode is on, the camera will be able to focus on objects that are close to the lens. It’s still possible to get too close, so check the minimum focusing distance on your camera’s tech specs. Many newer compact cameras can focus as close as an inch from the front of the lens.

what is macro photography

On DSLRs, macro capability is dependent on the lens, not the camera. Lenses with macro capabilities can get closer to a subject. A macro lens usually lists both a minimum focusing distance and a macro ratio in the technical specifications. A 1:1 is a great ratio for a DSLR lens, and many photographers consider anything less than 1:1 not a true macro. Macro lenses aren’t limited to just close-ups, either. They can also focus to infinity, meaning they can also snap non-macro photos too. Unlike on a compact camera, when shooting macro with a DSLR, there’s often a switch on the lens that tells the lens to focus on close subjects.

Which is better for macro photography, a compact camera, or a DSLR?

While many newer compact cameras have excellent macro modes, they don’t give the user full flexibility when it comes to exposure and depth of field. There are a few models that allow the use of manual modes when shooting macro, but many don’t. Manual modes are important in macro photography, as they’ll allow you to choose just how much of the image is sharp and how much of that background is blurred.

Macro photography is simply photographing items up close. However simple the concept, there are different macro photography tips that apply to taking close-ups. Many cameras can take macro photos, though DSLRs have more flexibility and a higher resolution. Taking images close-up is a fun way to rethink items we see every day, or explore something you think you know well, like your backyard.

Family Photography

Family photos are challenging, as there are often little kids who don’t want to sit still, and usually, there’s at least one person that doesn’t really want to be there. So, how do you pose great family photos? The key is to make the poses fun, while still including everyone close together in the shots. Start by ditching the idea of family photos that you remember as a kid—instead of stiff poses and fake smiles, try these five family photo pose tips and ideas.

Tip 1: Be Flexible and come prepared

Posing families is quite different from posing an individual. For one, there’s more people that need to be placed in a flattering spot. Photographing families usually means there’s a child (or two or three or four or…) involved. Younger kids won’t understand the “chin up, foot back” directions you give them, and while older kids may understand, they’ll get bored quick and there goes the chance for genuine smiles.

The key is to come to the shot being both prepared and flexible. What does that mean? It means having a few ideas, but not being too upset if those ideas don’t pan out. A child might be too cranky for the idea to work, or the pose might not suit the family best. Have a few backup ideas, and don’t be afraid to try new things on the fly if none of those are working. Prior to the shoot, talk to the parents and find out what the kids are interested in—it may be a good idea to bring a few props for shoots with really young kids, like bubbles or balloons, to keep bring out once their boredom hits in order to get smiles the entire session.

Pose 1: Take a walk

Walking

“Sit still” poses often don’t work for families with little ones. Instead, have the family walk and talk together. Don’t try to get them to look at the camera, just capture the way they are together. Piggy back rides work good for little kids, or holding hands or simply however the family feels comfortable. You don’t want to force them into a pose that doesn’t really show their family dynamic well.

Tip 2: Try triangle shape with the faces

The best poses will create a triangle shape with the faces, because that leads the eye through the photo, yet still makes the family feel like one cohesive group. The traditional way of making a triangle with the faces is to have the tallest in the middle, but families with little kids don’t do traditional so well. The “tallest” could be the shortest with someone else riding piggy back. Or, mom and dad could be sitting while the younger kids come from behind.

Thinking triangles while you’re posing can be hard to do, especially with everything else that’s going on. So, if in the middle of your shoot you find thinking about geometry out of the question, aim for a simpler goal—just to have all the faces close together. That means working in layers so short kids aren’t so far away from mom and dad’s face, like using chairs or a fence or simply having mom or dad hold a child.

Pose Idea 2: Tell secrets (or give kisses)

Telling secrets

When you want a candid photo of everyone talking and laughing together, putting them together and saying “now talk and laugh” is just going to make everyone feel awkward. You have to create the moment. To get them to talk and get them close together, ask one or two family members to tell the others a secret. With some ages, kisses on the cheek work well too, though with older kids that might get you a pretty grossed-out expression.

Tip 3: Give an action instead of a pose

Remember going to get family pictures as a kid? It was a lot of dressing up and sitting with stiff smiles. Family photography doesn’t have to be that way. Instead, go for a bit more relaxed approach. Instead of sitting and posing everyone, give them an action to do instead. That could be taking a walk, blowing bubbles, playing tag, tickling the kids, surprising mom and dad from behind, going for a piggy back ride, holding hands, telling secrets, jumping…the possibilities are endless. Try to create actions that get everyone’s faces close together and move to new poses quickly, before that attention span runs dry.

Pose Idea 3: Jump

Jumping

It’s hard to frown while you’re jumping. There’s something about action that helps people relax a bit for the camera and gives younger kids something to do. Line everyone up in a row—holding hands if the kids are younger, or just near each other. Then, tell everyone to jump on the count of three. Make sure to have your camera focused before you even start counting, and the burst mode on.

Tip 4: Account for different ages

A newborn can’t tell a secret or go for a piggy back ride. Make sure you know the kid’s ages prior to the session, and be sure to account for those age differences. Newborns can’t do much, but they also can’t run off—try poses with mom, dad or another family member holding the baby.

Toddlers are a boisterous bunch and are often much happier moving around. With toddlers in the family, keep poses short and try for poses that offer an action other than sitting and looking at the camera, like walking or playing together. Props can sometimes help distract a cranky toddler as well.

Elementary school kids might be a bit better at sitting and listening to directions, but you still want to keep them engaged so that they have genuine smiles. Still try action poses, and keep the “sit still” moments to a minimum. Kids at this age may enjoy sneaking up on mom and dad and surprising them.

Teenagers can be posed much like adults, but be flexible with teens in the picture. Most aren’t going to want to hold their siblings hands or kiss them on the cheek. Be sure to include them in the action poses. If you can, ask for their help on some so they don’t feel like all the attention is going to the little sibling.

Pose 4: Spins and tosses

Tossing kid

While younger kids may not be very good at sitting still, at least they’re still small enough to be tossed into the air. With younger kids, try having mom or dad toss them into the air, or spin them in circles or ask them if there’s a certain game they like to play. Be sure to turn your shutter speed up for these kinds of poses.

Tip 5: Prioritize your poses

With more people in the photos, you never know when a child will start to get too crabby, someone will get cold or hungry or any of a number of other scenarios. Since you don’t know how much time you’ll actually be able to get everyone’s attention for, start with the most important poses first. If you have poses in mind that are less action oriented, start there, then move to action type poses when the kids start to lose interest. Make sure you’ve gotten everything on your list of must-haves before you get creative and get them riled up with games.

With that in mind, keep in mind the youngest kids have the shortest attention spans. So, it’s also a good idea to get all the ones that the littlest ones are included in first. Save pictures like just mom and dad together for the end, while the kids are free to play during mom and dad’s turn.

Pose Idea 5: Lying Down

Lying down

Who says poses just have to be standing or sitting? Try one with everyone lying on the ground, either with their heads propped up on their elbows or lying completely on the ground with the cameras above them. Get creative with ways to keep the little ones entertained this way—perhaps looking for shapes in the clouds or with a bit of tickling from mom and dad to get the smiles going.

Family photos are challenging to capture, but when you truly capture a family’s dynamic, it can be very rewarding. Come prepared, but flexible enough to go with flow if what you planned doesn’t work for this particular family at this particular time. Try to create poses that put the faces either in a triangle or all on the same level. Creating an action, instead of a “sit still” pose, works well for many families. Be sure to account for the kid’s ages and have reasonable expectations for what they can do. Make sure to get the most important poses done first, you never know when a little one may lose all interest in photos.

Classroom white board

Introducing interactive whiteboard in the classroom is extremely exciting for students. They receive modern and accessible learning materials, and digital content as video lessons and slides are undoubtedly more entertaining than traditional textbooks and papers.

But how to make a tool like this even more engaging? What about showing it on a big screen! It happens that teachers share their screen with students to show the video they have created or to create one with them. There are several ways to show what are you doing on your iPad and mirror a screen. Teachers can connect their iPad with TV, PC, laptop, and projector. Below we described a few ways to do so!

Input connection 

There are two methods on connecting an iPad with a screening device: wireless and via an input port. The simplest way to mirror the iPad is to connect a device directly to a projector or a TV monitor. To make it happen you need a proper cable (or adapter combination) which can connect with an input port, either VGA or HDMI. Just plug a cable to your iPad and connect it with a projector! This method does not require any technical knowledge and internet connection. The only disadvantage is a fixed spot while running the presentation or a lesson since your iPad needs to be connected to a projector and it’s not portable.

Wireless mirroring 

When you want to walk around the classroom with your iPad, a great solution would be using some of the wireless mirroring methods. Screen mirroring is a way through which you can remotely share/mirror one device screen to another, such as mirroring Android Screen on your PC or vice-versa

Mirroring TV 

Apple provides an AirPlay device which allows wireless streaming between devices of audio, video, device screens, and photos, together with related metadata. To connect (or pair) your iPad to the Apple TV it needs to be in an active Wi-Fi area. AirPlay mirroring on the iPad has to be enabled. Remember, that AirPlay is only available for the iPad models 2 and up and requires iOS 5 or later.

Don’t worry if you don’t use iPad or you don’t have an Apple TV in your classroom! Another great solution for teachers who want to screen their ShowMes on TV is The Google Chromecast. It’s a media screening device which turns a regular TV into a Smart TV! It works with iPhones, iPads, Mac, Windows computers, and Chromebooks, and it’s extremely easy to use. You just need to connect a Chromecast device via an HDMI input port with a TV screen. Download a Chromcast app on your tablet or any other tool you use and pair it with your TV. Chromecasts requires a strong WiFi connection, so before choosing this solution make sure your classroom is equipped with it.

Screening on PC and laptops

Another way to share your interactive whiteboard on a bigger screen is connecting your tablet with a PC or a laptop. There are several apps which can help us in connecting Android, Windows and Apple devices between each other. If you’re not a full-on Mac and iOS user, you can introduce apps like Vysor 5ApowerMirrorAirDroid – these brilliant applications let us mirror Android to PC and vice-versa. To use them, you need to download one of them, both on your computer and tablet, and then pair the devices with each other.

After you mirror your tablet on TV or computer, just connect the screening tool to a projector, and present your ShowMes on a bigger screen!

Sharing beyond one screen

Last but least, an app called Reflector 3 combines the capabilities of Apple, Chromecast and Windows devices to create a powerful, all-in-one mirroring receiver. Reflector created an awesome variety of its product including educational oriented Reflector Teacher.

Reflector Teacher makes collaborating with mobile technology easily. It allows educators to teach from the palm of their hand and students to share from anywhere in the classroom. Reflector Teacher is installed on the teacher’s computer. Other classroom devices can then wirelessly connect to that computer. Connect the teacher’s computer to a projector or external display to show mirrored devices to the whole class! It means that a teacher doesn’t have to screen his / her device on a monitor or a screen but can do it on all student’s Chromebooks, iPads, and computers.

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01 Mar


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الصدالمنافقونالهجرةاليهود | 

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عرف الرسول صلى الله عليه و سلم في مكة بالصادق الأمين و عرف بالصلاح فكان صالحا ذو هيبة وجلال ووقار فأحبوه ولكن حينما جاء بالوحي و بالقرآن و الاسلام دينا وبات مصلحا ة دعا للتغيير الذي عاشوا عليه فصدوه .. ولم لا و هو يقضي على لعبة العبيد و الأسياد و يِؤكد على يوم للقيامة و العدالة والحساب على كل ما اقترفوه ويمنع الربا و أكل أموال الناس بالباطل و يعنف الكذب و قول الزور و يقنن المواريث و ينادي بالعفاف و العفة و ينهي عن الفواحش و يقضي على عبادة الأوثان لما فيها من فلسفات فارغة و على تماثيل يتعلقون بها لا تضر و لا تنفع ولكن تغيب العقل و تمنح هوى النفس يفعل ما يحلو له بفلسفة انها تقربهم الى الله

فكان الصد عنه في مكة عنيف و في غاية الشراسة

و قالوا كذاب ..

 أَأُلْقِيَ الذِّكْرُ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ بَيْنِنَا بَلْ هُوَ كَذَّابٌ أَشِرٌ ﴿ ٢٥﴾ سَيَعْلَمُونَ غَدًا مَنِ الْكَذَّابُ الْأَشِرُ ﴿٢٦﴾

فقالوا عنه ساحر

وَعَجِبُوا أَنْ جَاءَهُمْ مُنْذِرٌ مِنْهُمْ ۖ وَقَالَ الْكَافِرُونَ هَذَا سَاحِرٌكَذَّابٌ ﴿٤﴾

وقالوا شاعر

وقالوا حديث افتراه

بَلْ قَالُوا أَضْغَاثُ أَحْلَامٍ بَلِ افْتَرَاهُ بَلْ هُوَ شَاعِرٌ ﴿٥ الأنبياء﴾

أَمْ يَقُولُونَ شَاعِرٌ نَتَرَبَّصُ بِهِ رَيْبَ الْمَنُونِ ﴿٣٠ الطور﴾

وَمَا هُوَ بِقَوْلِ شَاعِرٍ قَلِيلًا مَا تُؤْمِنُونَ ﴿٤١ الحاقة﴾

قَالَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا إِنْ هَٰذَا إِلَّا إِفْكٌ افْتَرَاهُ ﴿4 الفرقان﴾

أَمْ يَقُولُونَ افْتَرَاهُ قُلْ فَأْتُوا بِسُورَةٍ مِثْلِهِ ﴿38 يونس﴾

أَمْ يَقُولُونَ افْتَرَاهُ قُلْ فَأْتُوا بِعَشْرِ سُوَرٍ مِثْلِهِ مُفْتَرَيَاتٍ ﴿13 هود﴾

وَإِنْ كَادُوا لَيَفْتِنُونَكَ عَنِ الَّذِي أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ لِتَفْتَرِيَ عَلَيْنَا غَيْرَهُ ﴿73 الإسراء﴾

بَلْ قَالُوا أَضْغَاثُ أَحْلَامٍ بَلِ افْتَرَاهُ بَلْ هُوَ شَاعِرٌ ﴿5 الأنبياء﴾

وقالوا مجنون

ثُمَّ تَوَلَّوْا عَنْهُ وَقَالُوا مُعَلَّمٌ مَجْنُونٌ ﴿١٤ الدخان﴾

فَذَكِّرْ فَمَا أَنْتَ بِنِعْمَتِ رَبِّكَ بِكَاهِنٍ وَلَا مَجْنُونٍ ﴿٢٩ الطور﴾

فَتَوَلَّىٰ بِرُكْنِهِ وَقَالَ سَاحِرٌ أَوْ مَجْنُونٌ ﴿٣٩ الذاريات﴾

وَيَقُولُونَ أَئِنَّا لَتَارِكُو آلِهَتِنَا لِشَاعِرٍ مَجْنُونٍ ﴿٣٦ الصافات﴾

وقالوا أساطير الأولين يمليها عليه أحدهم

إِنْ هَٰذَا إِلَّا أَسَاطِيرُ الْأَوَّلِينَالمؤمنون 83

وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَسْتَمِعُ إِلَيْكَ ۖ وَجَعَلْنَا عَلَى قُلُوبِهِمْ أَكِنَّةً أَنْ يَفْقَهُوهُوَفِي آذَانِهِمْ وَقْرًا ۚ وَإِنْ يَرَوْا كُلَّ آيَةٍ لَا يُؤْمِنُوا بِهَا ۚ حَتَّى إِذَاجَاءُوكَ يُجَادِلُونَكَ يَقُولُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا إِنْ هَذَا إِلَّا أَسَاطِيرُالْأَوَّلِينَ ﴿٢٥﴾

وَلَقَدْ نَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُمْ يَقُولُونَ إِنَّمَا يُعَلِّمُهُ بَشَرٌ ۗ لِسَانُ الَّذِييُلْحِدُونَ إِلَيْهِ أَعْجَمِيٌّ وَهَذَا لِسَانٌ عَرَبِيٌّ مُبِينٌ ﴿١٠٣﴾


وَقَالُوا أَسَاطِيرُ الْأَوَّلِينَ اكْتَتَبَهَا فَهِيَ تُمْلَى عَلَيْهِ بُكْرَةً وَأَصِيلًا وَإِذَا تُتْلَى عَلَيْهِمْ آيَاتُنَا قَالُوا قَدْ سَمِعْنَا لَوْ نَشَاءُ لَقُلْنَا مِثْلَ هَذَا ۙإِنْ هَذَا إِلَّا أَسَاطِيرُ الْأَوَّلِينَ ﴿٣١﴾

بل و استهزءوا به في مكة و الطايف والقوه بالحجارة أحيانا

كل هذه الأباطيل و الدعاوى فندها القرآن و ذكرها تفصيلا بل ورد عليها حتى المستهزئين قال تعالى 
إِنَّا كَفَيْنَاكَ الْمُسْتَهْزِئِينَ ﴿٩٥﴾

فحاروا في أمره فقالوا
وَقَالُوا لَوْلَا نُزِّلَ هَذَا الْقُرْآنُ عَلَى رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْقَرْيَتَيْنِ عَظِيمٍ﴿٣١﴾

و الدعوة مستمرة لم يفلح معهم تعذيب المعتقلات و لا تعذيب أسر المؤمنين و لا هدم بيوتهم و لا مقاطعاتهم في البيع و الشراء و الزواج ولا اطلاق الشائعات كل أساليب الصد لم تفلح فعزموا على قتله و انتشر الخبر ..نعم كما حدث مع العديد من الأنبياء ..تماما كما حدث مع ابراهيم و موسى و عيسى عليهم السلام ..وكان انقاذ الانبياء الأوائل حتما بمعجزة الهية .فالخبر معلوم و العدة جاهزة فكانت النار بردا و سلاما على ابراهيم و انشق البحر لموسى و رفع المسيح للسماء و لكن ماذا سيحدث مع الرسول لقد جمعوا الرجال أي معجزة سيأتي بها الله الدعوة لم تكتمل و القرآن له بقية ..فجأة ظهر نفر رجال من المدينة الذين آمنوا بدون أن يروه ولكن وصلتهم كلمات القرآن و كان ذلك في أشهر الحج و كان الناس يأتون للحج على ملة ابراهيم بعد ما تشوهت المناسك و العقائد فكانت صفيرا و مكاءا و منهم من يطوف عرايا و الأوثان و الصور تملأ الكعبة ..جاء وفد من المدينة من قبيلتي الأوس و الخزرج الذين تصالحا وكادت المدينة ان تنصب عبد الله بن السلول ملكا عليها و صنعوا له التاج بالفعل و كانت الزراعة مزدهرة بالمدينة على أيدي القبائل اليمنية الذين هجروا اليمن منذ انهيار سد مأرب و نقلوا فنون الزراعة للمدينة لأرضها الخصبة و ما فيها من أمطار و كانت أيضا صناعة الحلي و الدروع و السيوف و الحلل منتشرة هناك و تعاهدت كافة القبائل بالمدينة أن تسكن مع بعض بسلام و اتفاقية دفاع مشترك ان ينصروا بعضهم البعض لأي من يهاجم المدينة …. ولكن قف .. ان المولات الكبرى و الاسواق قينقاع و قريظة و النضير أي اقتصاد المدينة في أيدي اليهود و كافة المعاملات الربوية أو البنكية من اقراض و تسليف و دين و ائتمان في أيدي اليهود ..أي ان رجال الاقتصاد كافتهم من اليهود و هم المتحكمين فيها و اليهود موحدون بالله و مؤمنين بموسى عليه السلام ولكن ستتعارض مصالحهم مع الاسلام وماذا عن لعبة السادة و العبيد و من يعمل و يعيش على الفتات و من يقبض دون عمل وماذا عن الربا ..كيف ستتيدل هذه القوانين وكانت الأوس و الخزرج في حروب طاحنة يشعلها بينهم اليهود و يبيعوا السلاج للطرفين اذن قدوم النبي يمثل خطرا عليهم في لم الشمل و التجارة و المفاهيم و الأعراف ولكن لا يمكن الصد عن الرسول مرة أخرى فلم تفلح قريش بكل الأساليب المتبعة و هاهو الرسول قادم الى المدينة ..فيجب ان يكون هاك سبيل آخر للقضاء على الدعوة فظهر النفا

جلطة بالمخ .. عواقب حركية و نفسية


” قمت من فراشى باكرا كالمعتاد متجها الى عملي و ما أن خطيت فوقعت ، اتكأت على قدمي اليمنى ووقفت وما أن خطيت حتى سقطت تعجبت و عدلت السجادة ربما كانت ملتوية ووقفت و خطيت فوقعت ، حاولت أن أمد ساقي اليسرى فوجدتها لا تتحرك فمددت يدي اليسرى لسحبها فوجدتها لا تتحرك، فعرفت انه اصابني شلل نصفي مثل الذي أصاب والدي، بلعت ريقي و خفق قلبي و سبحت و استغفرت و حاولت انادي على زوجتي و ابنتي فخرجت من فمي همهمات كأنها كلمات ، فحاولت الكلام ، النداء و الصياح ، فعلت همهماتي الغير مفهومة، فسمعت زوجتي تنادي أبنتي “شوفي أبوكي ، مش فاهمة بيقول ايه!” …. عرفت انه الشلل اللعين و خشيت هل انتهيت كاتبا و مفكرا، ؟ هل حرمت متعة العبادةو السجود؟ ..

ودعوت الله آن يبقي لي عقلي ويدي اليمنى حتى أكتب لمحات من

حياتي ربما كان فيها فائدة لشباب بعد

و قد كان
من كتاب ( حياتي) للكاتب المفكر الدكتور أحمد أمين ، قاضي محكمة قويسنا في الثلاثينات و عميد كلية الآداب جامعة القاهرة في الأربعينات و مؤلف كتاب الأخلاق الذي كان مقررا على الثانوية العامة

يا ترى ما هي عواقب السكتة المخية غير ما وصفة الكاتب أحمد أمين

left arm paralysis

هدية و تحية خاصة للدكتور هاني عارف و مجد زكريا و ايمن ناصف و علي شلش و كل الزملاء الأفاضل الواقفين صفا في عمل دءووب بوحدة السكتات و جلطات المخ بمستشفيات جامعة عين شمس

العرب و الأعراب ..و العربية لغة آدم عليه السلام!!

ماذا تعني كلمة عرب ؟؟؟
الباحثون في شؤون القرآن
ىرون أن ذكر أن كلمة (عربي) من الجذر اللغوي (ع رب)
والتي وصف الله تعالى بها القران تعني
التمام والكمال والخلو من النقص والعيب وليس لها علاقة بالعرب كقومية .
فعبارة (قرآنا عربيا) تعني قرآنا تاما خاليا من النقص والعيب .

وقد عضد ما ذهبوا اليه بذكر تفسير
كلمة (عربا) بضم العين و الراء وفتح الباء والتي هي من نفس الجذر (ع ر ب) والتي وردت كصفة للحور العين في قوله تعالى
(فجعلناهن ابكارا، عربا اترابا لاصحاب اليمين)
فوصفت الحور بالتمام والخلو من العيب والنقص .

وذهبوا الى أبعد من ذلك عندما قالوا
أن (الأعراب) الذين ورد ذكرهم في القرآن
على سبيل الذم ليسوا هم سكان البادية
لأن القرآن أرفع وأسمى من أن يذم الناس
من منطلق عرقي أو عنصري أو جهوي
ولو كان المقصود بالأعراب سكان البادية
لوصفهم الله تعالى بالبدو كما جاء
على لسان يوسف (وجاء بكم من البدو بعد
أن نزغ الشيطان بيني وبين أخوتي) .

إذن من هم الأعراب ؟


إن ألف التعدي الزائدة في كلمة الأعراب
قد نقلت المعنى الى النقيض كما في
(قسط وأقسط)
قسط : ظلم
اقسط: عدل
عرب: تم وخلا من العيب
أعرب: نقص وشمله العيب

فالأعراب مجموعة تتصف بصفة
النقص في الدين والعقيدة
(قالت الأعراب آمنا قل لم تؤمنوا ولكن قولوا
أسلمنا ولما يدخل الإيمان في قلوبكم) .

اللغة العربية التي هي لغة القرآن ليست لغة بشرية أصلا بل هي لغة السماء التي علم الله بها آدم الأسماء كلها ثم هبط بها الأرض وكانت هي لغة التواصل بين البشر
ثم بمرور الزمن وازدياد أعداد البشر وتفرقهم
في أنحاء الأرض نشأت اللغات البشرية المتفرعة عن اللغة الأصل ( لغة آدم ) ثم بدأت هذه اللغات
في الابتعاد رويدا رويدا عن اللغة الأصل
حتى تشكلت بمفرداتها وحروفها المستقلة .
ثم بقيت مجموعة بشرية حافظت على قدر كبير من اللغة الاصلية لغة السماء، وهذه المجموعة البشرية هي سكان جزيرة العرب، وهذا يفسر سر نزول القران على هذه المجموعة دون غيرها لأنهم الأقرب لفهم القرآن بحكم محافظتهم على قدر أكبر من أصل اللغة التي جاء بها آدم من السماء .

وهذا يفسر ايضا سر تفوق القرآن وابتزازه للعرب
رغم امتلاكهم ناصية اللغة والفصاحة
ذلك لأن القرآن أدهشهم وحير عقولهم
لأن القرآن نزل بلغة فطرية غضة
كيوم نزل بها آدم عليه السلام
بينما العرب كانوا يتحدثون لغة هابطة نوعا ما تأثرت بعوامل الزمن ودخلتها عبارات ومفردات بشرية لم تكن من أصل لغة السماء
وقد سمى الله تلك اللغة في كتابه بالأعجمية
ومعناها اللغة التي فيها انحراف عن لغة القرآن
ولسانه العربي المبين .

المشركون عندما اتهموا الرسول ص

أن بشرا يعلمه القران رد الله تعالى عليهم بقوله

(وَلَقَدْ نَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُمْ يَقُولُونَ إِنَّمَا يُعَلِّمُهُ بَشَرٌ ۗ لِّسَانُ الَّذِي يُلْحِدُونَ إِلَيْهِ أَعْجَمِيٌّ وَهَٰذَا لِسَانٌ عَرَبِيٌّ مُّبِينٌ ) .

(وَلَقَدْ نَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُمْ يَقُولُونَ إِنَّمَا يُعَلِّمُهُ بَشَرٌ ۗ لِّسَانُ الَّذِي يُلْحِدُونَ إِلَيْهِ أَعْجَمِيٌّ وَهَٰذَا لِسَانٌ عَرَبِيٌّ مُّبِينٌ ) .

تأكيد الاسلام بالايمان


الشيخ الشعراوي يقول:-
لما كنت في سان فرانسيسكو سألني احد المستشرقين
– هل كل ما في قرآنكم صحيح ؟!
فاجبت بالتأكيد نعم 🌼
– فسألني :
لماذا إذاً للكافرين عليكم سبيلا ؟!
رغم قوله تعالى :
” ولن يجعل الله للكافرين على المؤمنين سبيلا “🌼

فأجبته:
لأننا مسلمين ولسنا مؤمنين !!
🌕
• فما الفرق بين
المؤمنين 💥والمسلمين ؟

رد الشيخ الشعراوي: 🌕المسلمون اليوم يؤدون جميع شعائر الإسلام من صلاة وزكاة وحج وصوم رمضان .. الخ من العبادات ، 🌕💥
ولكن هم في شقاءٍ تام !!
– شقاء علمي واقتصادي واجتماعي وعسكري .. الخ ، فلماذا هذا الشقاء ؟

💥💥💥💥💥

• جاء في القرآن الكريم :
‘ قالت الأعراب آمنا قل لم تؤمنوا ولكن قولوا أسلمنا ولما يدخل الإيمان في قلوبكم ‘ الحجرات ١٤🌕💥

سألني اذا لماذا هم في شقاء ؟

💥💥💥💥

أوضح ذلك القرآن الكريم ،
لأن المسلمين لم يرتقوا إلى مرحلة الايمان ليكونوا مؤمنين. فلنتدبرمايلي :🔻🔻

• 💥لو كانوا مؤمنين حقاً لنصرهم الله ،
بدليل قوله تعالى :
‘ وكان حقاً علينا نصر المؤمنين
“‘الروم [ 47]💥

• لو كانوا مؤمنين لأصبحوا أكثر شأناً بين الأمم والشعوب ، بدليل قوله تعالى :
‘ ولا تهنوا ولا تحزنوا وأنتم الأعلون إن كنتم مؤمنين ‘ آل عمران [139]💥

• لو كانوا مؤمنين ، لما جعل الله عليهم أي سيطرةً من الآخرين ، بدليل قوله تعالى :
‘ ولن يجعل الله للكافرين
على المؤمنين سبيلا ‘ النساء
[141] 💥💥

• ولو كانوا مؤمنين لما تركهم الله على هذه الحالة المزرية ، بدليل قوله تعالى :
‘ وما كان الله ليذر المؤمنين على ما أنتم عليه ‘ آل عمران [ 179]

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• ولو كانوا مؤمنين لكان الله معهم في كل المواقف ، بدليل قوله تعالى :
‘ وأن الله مع المؤمنين ‘ الأنفال [19]

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• 🌕ولكنهم بقوا في مرحلة المسلمين ولم يرتقوا إلى مرحلة المؤمنين ، قال تعالى :
‘ وما كان أكثرهم مؤمنين ‘

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• فمن هم المؤمنون ؟🌕
الجواب من القرآن الكريم هم :
‘ التائبون العابدون الحامدون السائحون الراكعون الساجدون الآمرون بالمعروف والناهون عن المنكر والحافظون لحدود الله
وبشّّر المؤمنين ‘ التوبه [ 112]

💥💥💥💥💥💥💥💥💥

• نلاحظ أنّ الله تعالى ربط موضوع النصر والغلبة والسيطرة ورقي الحال بالمؤمنين وليس بالمسلمين !

من حق الجميع أن يتعرفوا علي هذه المعلومة

رحمه الله الشيخ الشعراوي وأسكنه فسيح جناته

Avoid diabetes complications

1. Keep blood sugar levels as close to normal as safely possible.

High blood sugar levels harm health in many ways — and the higher the blood glucose levels over time, the greater the risk of developing complications. Long-term complications from diabetes fall into three categories:

  • Microvascular disease affects the small blood vessels of the body (such as those in the eyes and kidneys).
  • Nerve damage (neuropathy) often affects the feet. It may also impair the automatic function of various organ systems, including the intestines, bladder, and heart, resulting in altered digestion, incontinence, arrhythmias, and sexual dysfunction.
  • Macrovascular disease affects the body’s larger blood vessels, leading to heart disease, stroke, and blockages in leg arteries.

Keeping your blood glucose levels as close to normal as possible helps prevent microvascular disease and nerve damage. If your HbA1c level is 7% or higher, your therapy should be adjusted.

2. Keep blood pressure under a maximum of 140/90 mm Hg.

Ideally, blood pressure should be under 130/80. Keeping blood pressure tightly controlled can reduce the rate of progression of kidney damage. Losing weight and reducing salt intake can help keep blood pressure at healthy levels. If medications are needed, most doctors prescribe ACE inhibitors or angiotensin-receptor blockers to control high blood pressure in people with diabetes. These drugs retard the progression of kidney disease and may be used to treat microalbuminuria even when blood pressure is normal. Two or more types of blood pressure medications are often required to keep blood pressure within an acceptable range.

3. Aim to keep your cholesterol at healthy levels.

LDL (unhealthy) cholesterol levels should be under 100 mg/dL. HDL (healthy) cholesterol should be over 40 mg/dL if you are a man or over 50 mg/dL if you are a woman. Triglyceride levels should be below 150 mg/dL. 

Heart disease can be prevented and treated. That’s why early detection of high cholesterol, high triglycerides, and hypertension is so vital. A fasting blood test can measure levels of LDL, HDL, and total cholesterol, as well as triglyceride levels. Because hypertension usually has no symptoms, it’s important to have your blood pressure checked regularly.

If you have any chest pain or pressure, trouble breathing, or lightheadedness, you should be examined for heart disease. Don’t delay seeking treatment. Because nerve damage can blunt or change the usual symptoms of angina, people with diabetes must also watch for jaw or arm discomfort during or after physical activity, dizziness, or shortness of breath after minimal exercise.

4. Practice good foot care.

Peripheral and autonomic neuropathy are common diabetes complications. Diminished blood flow from the blockage of the arteries feeding the foot can impair pain sensation and impede the body’s infection fighters. People with these conditions must carefully check their feet and toes every day for a possible injury. Here are some basic steps to help take care of your feet:

  • Know your feet. Take a good look every day to see if you’ve cut or bruised your feet without realizing it. Pay attention to any growths or discoloration. If your foot swells or changes in color, for example, it could be a sign of a fractured bone or poor circulation.
  • Practice good foot hygiene. Wash your feet every day. Dry them thoroughly, especially between the toes. Moisturize any dry skin (but not between your toes), or dust with foot powder to keep your feet dry. Cut the nails straight across to avoid ingrown toenails, which can lead to infection. However, be careful when wielding the scissors: if you’ve lost sensation in your feet, or if your nails have hardened, consider having your nails trimmed professionally.
  • Protect your feet. Wear shoes with ample cushioning and socks that protect against friction. Make sure your shoes fit by having your foot measured every time you buy a new pair. Avoid high heels or shoes with pointy toes. If you must wear such shoes for dressy occasions, try to limit the amount of time they are on your feet.
  • Lose weight if you’re overweight. Every extra pound increases the pressure on your feet.
  • Exercise regularly. Exercise, such as walking, improves circulation.
  • Don’t smoke and drink in moderation. Smoking impairs circulation. Avoid excessive consumption of alcohol, which can impair nerves already at risk because of diabetes. Government health agencies and the American Medical Association define moderate drinking as no more than two standard drinks per day for men under age 65 and one drink per day for women. (A drink is defined as 12 ounces of beer, 5 ounces of wine, or 1.5 ounces of hard liquor.)
  • Learn when to seek help. If you have diabetes, you’re also more prone to complications. If you develop any of the foot problems, it’s vital that you see a doctor. Don’t try to treat yourself at home.
  • Apply for Medicare-funded shoes. Medicare covers the cost of therapeutic shoes and inserts for people with diabetes, in an effort to reduce foot and leg amputations. Medicare covers 80% of the approved cost for durable equipment (which can include shoes as well as insulin pumps and other therapeutic devices), after you have met the annual deductible.

5. Schedule regular visits with your doctor to assess your overall health.

Your regular medical visits should consist of checking for the presence of any diabetes complications as well as ways to reduce your risk of complications. According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, you should see your health care team at least twice a year to find and treat and problems early. Here are some important appointments you should make:

  • Primary care/endocrinologist — every 3 to 6 months for an exam that should include checking your blood pressure, weight, and feet
  • Dentist — every 6 months or more frequently, if necessary
  • Optometrist/Ophthalmologist — dilated eye exam annually or bi-annually if the exam shows no problems developing
  • Podiatrist — annually for a comprehensive exam that includes checking for calluses, infections, sores, and loss of feeling

Also remember to have your A1C tested at least twice a year, get a urine and blood test to check for kidney problems, and get a flu shot as well as pneumonia shot.

The lower a food’s glycemic index, the slower and lower blood sugar rises after eating that food. A glycemic index of 55 or below is considered low; 70 or above is considered high. In general, the more cooked or processed a food is, the higher its GI, and the more fiber or fat in a food, the lower the GI.

The glycemic index tells just part of the story because it indicates only how fast a particular carbohydrate-rich food raises blood sugar. What it doesn’t tell you is how high your blood sugar could go when you actually eat the food, which is partly determined by how much carbohydrate is in a serving of a particular food. To understand a food’s complete effect on blood sugar, you need to know both how quickly it makes glucose enter the bloodstream and how much glucose it can deliver.

Understanding glycemic load

A separate measure called the glycemic load gives a more accurate picture of a food’s real-life impact on blood sugar. The glycemic load is determined by multiplying the grams of carbohydrate in a serving by the glycemic index and dividing by 100. A glycemic load of 10 or below is considered low; 20 or above is considered high. Watermelon, for example, has a high glycemic index (80). But a serving of watermelon has so little carbohydrate (6 grams) that its glycemic load is only 5.

Some nutrition experts believe that people with diabetes should pay attention to the glycemic index and glycemic load to avoid sudden spikes in blood sugar. A review by the Cochrane Collaboration (an international group of health authorities who evaluate evidence from randomized clinical trials) found that people who followed a low-GI diet lowered their HbA1c levels by 0.5 percentage point — and they were also less likely to experience hypoglycemia. To put that effect into perspective, the FDA considers a drop in HbA1c of as little as 0.4 of a percentage point to be meaningful when assessing drugs to treat diabetes.

The American Diabetes Association acknowledges the value of the glycemic index and glycemic load, saying that “substituting low-glycemic-load foods for higher-glycemic-load foods may modestly improve” blood sugar control. But it also says that the total amount of carbohydrate in a food, rather than the food’s glycemic index or load, is a stronger predictor of what will happen to blood sugar. Some dietitians feel that focusing on the glycemic index and glycemic load adds an unneeded layer of complexity to choosing what to eat. The bottom line? Following the principles of low-glycemic-index eating is likely to be beneficial, as it essentially encourages a high-fiber diet that is moderate in carbohydrates, but reaching and staying at a healthy weight is more important for your blood sugar and your overall health.

4 principles of low-glycemic eating

  • Eat non-starchy vegetables, beans, and fruits such as apples, pears, peaches, and berries. Even tropical fruits like bananas, mangoes, and papayas tend to have a lower glycemic index than typical desserts.
  • Eat grains in the least-processed state possible: “unbroken” grains such as whole barley, millet, wheat berries, brown rice, and whole-kernel bread; or traditionally processed grains such as stone-ground whole-grain bread, steel-cut oats, and natural granola or muesli breakfast cereal.
  • Cut back or cut out white potatoes and refined grain products such as white breads, bagels, pastries, and regular pasta.
  • Let concentrated sweets — including high-calorie foods with a low glycemic index, such as ice cream — be an occasional treat instead of a staple. Don’t drink more than one-half cup of fruit juice a day. Completely eliminate sugar-sweetened drinks.

كلمات من القرآن

– كلمات القرآن وعدد ذكرها في القرآن

 

الدنيا – 115 الآخرة –

115 الملائكة – 88 شياطين

– 88 محمد – 4 شريعة – 4

الناس – 50 أنبياء – 50 صلاح

– 50 فساد

– 50 ابليس

– 11 الاستعاذة منه

– 11 رجل – 24 امر

– 24 الحياة – 145 الموت –

145 الصالحات-167 السيئات-

167

الجهر – 16 العلانية – 16

المصيبة – 75 الشكر – 75

الهدى – 79 الرحمة – 79 لاحظوا الكلمة وضدها – هذه الاحصائيات تدل على أن هذا القرأن من عند الله وأن البشر لا يستطيعون أن يأتون بمثل هذا – وهناك بعض الكلمات تضاعف عدد ورودها لحكمة إلهية: جزاء – 117 المغفرة – 234 يعني الضعف ، لماذا؟ لأن رحمة الله وغفرانه يسعان كل شي العسر – 12 اليسر – 36 يعني 3 أضعاف، لماذا؟ لأنه لن يغلب عسر يسرين – ومن الملاحظات الهامة في الاحصائيات: كلمة (الصلاة) ذكرت 5 مرات والصلوات 5 مرات باليوم وكلمة (يوم) ذكرت 365 مرة وفي السنة 365 يوما –

ومن المعجزات الالهية في القرآن: كلمة (أرض) ذكرت 13 مرة و(بحر) 32 مرة وإذا حاولنا إيجاد نسبة مئوية للتكرار في الحالتين فإننا نجد أن تكرار كلمة (بحر) تعادل 71% أما كلمة (أرض) 29% وهي النسب الفعلية لنسبة البحار إلى اليابسة على سطح كوكبنا سبحانك ربي ما أعظمك .

الطلاق ليس حلا

كلمة قصيرة عندما تكتئبي من طباع زوجك الغير مقبولة و حتى يتبدل حاله للأفضل كيف تتعلمي التغاضي حتى يستمر البيت كيف يمكنا تحمل ما ضاقت بها مشاعرنا..أنت لست مريضة باكتئاب جسيم و لكنه اكتئاب وليد الموقف و الظروف الراهنة ..الحياة ليست لينة بطبيعتها و الصبر الجميل يعمر البيوت

 

 

Building simple habits for healthy weight loss

healthy weight loss strategies

Lasting, healthy weight loss demands that you transform your eating and exercise habits. But many other choices you make each day, such as how much time you spend sleeping or surfing the Internet, can also make a difference.

 

Set small, specific, and realistic goals

Perhaps you’d like to be the same size you were in high school or when you got married, but that would mean dropping more than 50 pounds. Don’t go there — not yet, at least. Set a more realistic goal of losing 5% to 10% of your weight, and give yourself plenty of time and some flexibility to reach that goal, keeping in mind that most people take at least six months to achieve that degree of healthy weight loss. Also try to avoid generalized goals, such as “I should eat less at dinner and exercise more.” Instead, set specific and short-term (that is, daily or weekly) goals, such as these:

  • I will choose a few dinner recipes and shop for the ingredients on Sunday.
  • I will bring a healthy lunch from home instead of going out at least three times next week.
  • I will call a friend to take a walk after work on Monday and Wednesday.
  • I will decrease exposure to problematic food (“stimulus control”) to avoid temptation, such as keeping cookies away from sight in the kitchen.

Eat breakfast slowly — and mindfully — every morning

Many people skip breakfast because they’re too rushed or they aren’t hungry. Try getting up 15 minutes earlier (which means going to bed earlier so you don’t sacrifice sleep time) to make time for breakfast. Practice eating slowly by putting down your utensil or sipping water, coffee, or tea between bites. Ideally, you should spend at least 20 minutes on each meal, but that may be more realistic during your midday or evening meal; choose one to get started. Set a timer to check yourself.

From these habits or others in the Special Health Report, choose the one that seems the most feasible for you, and try to stick with it for a week or so. It’s important to make these healthy habits routine. Once you find yourself doing one fairly consistently, add another. Over time you will realize that many of these habits can be interconnected.

Vyvanse (Lisdexamphetamine) : the truth

 Vyvanse (lisdexamfetamine), a long-acting stimulant medication used in adults with ADHD, is one of the most commonly prescribed brand-name drugs. Given that 60% of adults who were children with ADHD have symptoms that persist to adulthood, long-term treatment may be necessary.

If you’re taking Vyvanse long-term or thinking about starting it, what are some lesser-known but important things you should know?

Vyvanse was the first medication approved for binge eating disorder.

This is in addition to being FDA approved in the U.S. for the treatment of ADHD.

Vyvanse is different from Ritalin and Concerta

There are two types of stimulants used to treat adult ADHD: methylphenidateand amphetamines. Concerta and Ritalin (either short or long-acting) are methylphenidates, while Adderall and Vyvanse are amphetamine stimulants.

Vyvanse is a long-term release stimulant

Taken once daily, Vyvanse is released at the same levels over time, which allows for a similar effect 90 minutes to 14 hours after taking it.

Vyvanse carries a smaller risk of abuse than other stimulants.

Due to the longer duration of action, Vyvanse carries a smaller risk of abuse than short-acting stimulants like AdderallRitalin or Focalin. The longer effect of Vyvanse also leads to fewer rebound symptoms throughout the day compared to the shorter-acting ADHD meds.

You don’t necessarily need to take Vyvanse with food

It’s true!

Be careful taking Vyvanse with acidic medications or supplements

Some examples include vitamin C, aspirinpenicillin, or furosemide, which will all decrease the level of Vyvanse in your bloodstream. The opposite is true if you take Vyvanse with basic drugs like sodium bicarbonate (found in Zegerid), Benadrylcodeine, or metoprolol, which may increase levels of d-amphetamine, the active metabolite of Vyvanse. Your pharmacist can help you with potential interactions.

You may experience some side-effects

The most commonly reported side effects in adults taking Vyvanse have decreased appetite, dry mouth, and insomnia, which occur in 1 in 5 folks taking it.

Vyvanse may increase your blood pressure

Vyvanse leads to an increase in noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission – sympathetic nervous system effects, which means your “fight or flight response.” While increases in blood pressure and pulse may occur, changes in vital signs are usually small and changes in ECG (heart tracing) are not clinically relevant.

Vyvanse can improve reaction time

In young adults with ADHD, treatment with Vyvanse had a positive effect on reaction time with significantly fewer traffic accidents. Studies show Vyvanse was associated with a significantly faster reaction times (91% faster) and a lower rate of simulated driving collisions.

And lastly, It can change how you parent?

Interesting studies have been done looking at treatment with Vyvanse when both parent and child (age 5-12) have been diagnosed with ADHD. The parents with ADHD taking Vyvanse showed a significant reduction in “negative talk” and an increase in praise of their children. Results also showed reductions in the ratio of commands to verbalizations—less yelling, more talking.

كلمة تبسيط في الكيمياء العضوية ..الدواء من مصنع الشجرة الرباني أم من المعمل البشري

كيف يصنع الدواء و هل هناك مصنعا ربانيا

شرح مبسط كيفية صناعة الدواء في المعمل و الشجرة

 

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Posted by SeragPsych on Sunday, October 28, 2018

Is Addiction life long disease?

he recently deceased writer and television personality Anthony Bourdain was criticized by some for recreationally using alcohol and cannabis, in what was seemingly a very controlled and responsible manner, decades after he quit heroin and cocaine. Was this a valid criticism? Can a person who was addicted to drugs or alcohol in their teens safely have a glass of wine with dinner in their middle age?

It depends on which model of addiction and recovery you subscribe to. If you are a traditionalist who believes that addictions last a lifetime, that people readily substitute addictions, and that people have ingrained “addictive personalities,” the answer is: absolutely not. This would be playing with fire.

During my 90 days in rehab, it was forcefully impressed upon me that addictions are routinely substituted and that if one is ever addicted to any substance, then lifelong abstinence from all potentially addictive substances is one’s only hope of salvation. This seemed to make sense, as a person would have the same lifelong predispositions to an addiction: genetic makeup, childhood traumas, diagnoses of anxiety or depression — all of which could plausibly set them up to become addicted to, say, alcohol, once they have put in the hard work to get their heroin addiction under control. In medical terms, the concern is that different addictions can have a common final pathway in the mesolimbic dopamine system (the reward system of our brain), so it is logical that the body might try to find a second pathway to satisfy these hungry neurotransmitters if the first one is blocked, a “cross-addiction.”

I learned early in my own recovery how critical it is to apply logic and evidence to the field of addiction, and that just because things make sense, and because we have thought about them in a certain way for an extended period of time, that doesn’t mean that they are necessarily true. While in rehab, I was actually told a lot of other things that turned out to have no basis in scientific evidence. For example, I was told on a daily basis that “a drug is a drug is a drug.” This mentality doesn’t allow for there being a difference between, for example, the powerful opiate fentanyl, which kills thousands of people every year, and buprenorphine (Suboxone).

I have come to believe that an uncompromising “abstinence-only” model is a holdover from the very beginnings of the recovery movement, almost 100 years ago, and our understanding has greatly evolved since then. The concepts of addiction and recovery that made sense in 1935, when Alcoholics Anonymous was founded, and which have been carried on by tradition, might not still hold true in the modern age of neurochemistry and functional MRIs. That said, mutual help groups today do have a place in some people’s recovery .

Recovery may improve resiliency to new addictions

It seems as if no one definitively knows the answer about whether people substitute addictions. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse in response to a request for comment from the website Tonic: “A previous substance use disorder is a risk factor for future development of substance use disorder (SUD),” but “It is also possible that someone who once had a SUD but doesn’t currently have one has a balance of risk and protective genetic and environmental factors that could allow for alcohol consumption without developing an AUD [alcohol use disorder].”

One study published in JAMA in 2014 showed that “As compared with those who do not recover from a SUD, people who recover have less than half the risk of developing a new SUD. Contrary to clinical lore, achieving remission does not typically lead to drug substitution, but rather is associated with a lower risk of new SUD onset.”

The authors of this study suggest that factors such as “coping strategies, skills, and motivation of individuals who recover from a SUD may protect them from the onset of a new SUD.” In other words, by making the life-affirming transition from addicted to recovered, we gain a recovery “toolbox” that helps us navigate life’s challenges and stresses in a much healthier way. We learn to connect with people, push our egos aside, and to ask for help if we need it. Thus, when faced with stressful situations that formerly would trigger us to drink or drug, we might respond by exercising or calling a friend, rather than using a substance. As such, we substitute addictions with healthier activities that perform the function that the drink or drug used to, albeit in a much more fulfilling way.

This issue is also, partly, a question of semantics, and of how narrowly or widely we define addictions. Many hold that an addiction can be to either a substance or a process: gambling, eating, video game playing, Internet use, sex, work, religion, exercise, or compulsive spending. Lots of people gain weight when they quit smoking. Is that a case of substituting an addiction? I like to joke that, in my observations, the only reliable outcome from a stay at rehab was a nicotine addiction, because many people, in an attempt to cope with the trauma and dislocation of being sent away to rehab, pick up cigarettes.

People grow and change

Personally, I am skeptical that many people substitute addictions. In my experience, people who are addicted tend to have a particular affinity for a particular class of drug, not for all drugs and alcohol. This is probably based on some combination of their neurochemistry and their psychological makeup. I was addicted to opiates but didn’t have difficulties with substances in other classes. I have seen this to mostly be the case with thousands of my brothers and sisters in recovery who I have had the honor to interact with. People continue to add to their coping skills toolbox throughout life, so the unhappy 18-year-old who is struggling is not the well-adjusted 50-year-old who has worked through many of their problems, or who have improved their life circumstances. Vulnerabilities can improve over time. People aren’t static, which is what reminds us to never give up hope when dealing with an addicted loved one, no matter how dire the circumstances appear to be.

3 surprising risks of poor posture

Slouching promotes heartburn, incontinence, and more.

America, we have a posture problem. Whether it’s the result of sitting at a desk all day, looking down at a smartphone, or lounging on a couch, poor posture is dogging people of all ages. And health experts are worried. “It’s a common and important health problem among Americans, and it can lead to neck pain, back problems, and other aggravating conditions,” says Meghan Markowski, a physical therapist at Harvard-affiliated Brigham and Women’s Hospital.

Other posture-related problems

While back and neck conditions top the list of potential posture woes, there are many others — such as poor balance, headaches, and breathing difficulties. “Researchers are also looking into whether posture affects mood, sleep, fatigue, and jaw alignment,” Markowski says.

Three other problems linked to poor posture may surprise you.

1. Incontinence. Poor posture promotes stress incontinence — when you leak a little urine if you laugh or cough. “Slouching increases abdominal pressure, which puts pressure on the bladder. The position also decreases the ability of the pelvic floor muscles to hold against that pressure,” notes Markowski, who specializes in helping people overcome bladder, bowel, and pelvic floor problems.

2. Constipation. Poor posture on a toilet — hunched over with your knees lower than your hips — can promote constipation. “That position closes the anus somewhat and makes it harder for the abdominal muscles to help move feces out,” Markowski says. Constipation is characterized by fewer than three bowel movements per week; hard, dry stools; straining to move the bowels; and a sense of an incomplete evacuation.

3. Heartburn and slowed digestion. Slouched posture after a meal can trigger heartburn caused by acid reflux (when stomach acid squirts back up into the esophagus). “Slouching puts pressure on the abdomen, which can force stomach acid in the wrong direction,” explains Dr. Kyle Staller, a gastroenterologist at Harvard-affiliated Massachusetts General Hospital. “And some evidence suggests that transit in the intestines slows down when you slouch. In my opinion, it probably does play a small role.”

What you can do

Markowski recommends seeing a physical therapist if you suspect you have poor posture that is causing problems for you. The therapist will customize a program of exercises and stretches to improve your core muscle strength and flexibility. The core muscles (in the abdomen, pelvic floor, and back) support the spine.

The goal is a neutral, upright spine position — not flexed too far forward or backward.

A neutral spine is also important when it’s time to move your bowels. “Keep your back straight and lean forward at the hips. Keeping your knees higher than your hips — by placing your feet on a footstool — mimics a squatting position, which is best for helping to open the anus so you can pass feces without straining,” Markowski says.

To reduce the risk of stress incontinence leakage, Markowski recommends strengthening the pelvic floor muscles. “We teach people how to control their pelvic muscles when they cough,” she says. “The proper neutral spine alignment will also help minimize abdominal pressure.”

Move of the month: Seated knee lift

  • Builds abdominal strength.
  • Sit on a stability ball or chair with your feet hip-width apart and your hands at your sides.
  • Exhale as you lift your right knee and left hand straight toward the ceiling. Return to the starting position.
  • Repeat 10 times.
  • Repeat the process by lifting with your left knee and right hand
    Exercise image by Michael Carroll

Some general posture pointers

To attain the neutral spine position, Markowski advises you to put your shoulders down and back, pull your head back, and engage your core muscles. “Bring your belly button in toward your spine, as if you’re zipping up a snug pair of jeans. This will help to engage the transverse abdominis muscle, which acts like a corset around the spine,” Markowski explains.

Other tips: Use a low back (lumbar) support pillow to remind you to sit upright in a chair, and change your position every 30 to 60 minutes. “We don’t want people in fixed postures for hours at a time,” Markowski says. “Be vigilant, and good posture will contribute to many aspects of health.”

كتابات الأستاذ الكتور إبراهيم عبده (1913- 1986

يمثل الدكتور إبراهيم عبده ظاهرة فريدة فى تاريخ الإعلام المصرى، فهو قد عمل أكاديميا فى هذا المجال متخصصاً فى تاريخ الصحافة منذ أن تخرج فى كلية الآداب فى منتصف الثلاثينات من القرن العشرين، ويغريه أساتذته منهم الدكتور طه حسين والأستاذ محمد شفيق غربال بالتخصص فى الصحافة، ويعد رسالته للماجستير حول “تاريخ الوقائع المصرية 1828- 1942″، ويذهب فى بعثة إلى الولايات للوقوف على الجديد فى هذا المجال، ثم يعود إلى مصر بعد ثورة يوليو 1952 الذى تحمس لها فى البداية وهو فى امريكا، ثم يخيب ظنه فيها لأنها لم تلتزم بأهدافها الستة التى أعلنتها، ثم يذهب إلى السعودية والكويت لتدريس الصحافة ثم يعود فينشىء مؤسسة “سجل العرب” التى تخصصت فى نشر الأعمال الضخمة كما نشرت أعماله بعد ذلك، وعرف عنه الكتابة اللاذعة الناقدة للحكام الذين توالوا على حكم مصر حتى رحيله سنة 1986، وقد شحت الكتابة عن الدكتور إبراهيم عبده بل انعدمت تماما، وقد أردنا فى السطور التالية أن نرد بعض الجميل له لأنه الرائد فى مجال تاريخ الصحافة العربية وتعداه إلى العالمية فى مصنفات رائعة بديعة حوت المعلومات الدقيقة التى ظل ينقح فيها طبعات حتى رحيله.

 ولد الدكتور إبراهيم عبده فى القاهرة عام 1913 وتعلم فى مدارسها الابتدائية والثانوية، ثم التحق بكلية الآداب فى جامعة فؤاد الأول (القاهرة) ليتخصص فى الصحافة ويتخرج على يديه كل أعلام الصحافة فى مصر والوطن العربى، ثم يسافر إلى أمريكا وقامت ثورة يوليو 1952وهو هناك فيعقد مؤتمراً صحفياً أعلن تأييده للثورة ونصب نفسه متحدثاً باسمها وداعياً لها ثم عاد بعد ذلك إلى مصر يصطدم بالواقع الأليم والشعارات الجوفاء التى لازمت الثورة والتى حولها جمال عبدالناصر إلى انقلاب أثيم بعد ذلك فى مارس 1954، ولم يطق أن يمكث فى هذا الجو الملوث والسجن الكبير الذى عاشه المصريون فى هذا التوقيت وهو الذى تعود العيش فى الجو “الليبرالى” التى عاشته مصر قبل ثورة يوليو … سافر بعد ذلك للعمل فى السعودية ثم فى الكويت ..ثم عاد ليؤسس دار نشر ثقافية إعلامية شاملة أسماها “سجل العرب”، وقد تطورت هذه الدار حتى ضمت نحو 30 أستاذاً جامعياً تخصصوا فى إصدار الكتب والموسوعات ..

 يحسب للدكتور عبده أنه أول أستاذ للصحافة فى مصر حيث حصل على العديد من الشهادات العلمية فى هذا المجال من مصر وأمريكا كما درس للفن الصحفى وتاريخ الصحافة فى جامعة القاهرة والعديد من الجامعات العربية والعالمية، وكان أول عميد لمعهد التحرير والترجمة والصحافة منذ إنشائه عام 1939قبل إنشاء كلية الإعلام سنة1974 كما اختارته جامعة القاهرة استاذا متفرغاً فى كلية الإعلام 1982.

  حمل على ثورة يوليو 1952حملة عنيفة وكان شاهداً عياناً على أخطاءها وانتكاساتها فأصدر عدة كتب فى هذا المجال كان أولها كتاباته الشهير جداً “رسائل من نفاقستان” الذى طبع طبعات عدة وتحدثت عنه الصحافة العالمية، ثم توالت كتبه لتنتقد أخطاء أربعين عاماً من حكم العسكر فى مصر بعد انقلاب جمال عبدالناصر على ثورة يوليو التى كانت تسير تقريباً سيراً طبيعياً حتى تم إزاحة قائد الثورة اللواء محمد نجيب الذى كان يبغى إقامة نظام ديمقراطى تعددى صحى، وكان يريد من الجيش أن يعود إلى ثكناته ويتفرغ لمهمته الطبيعية فى حماية الحدود والدفاع عن الأمن القومى المصرى إلا أن ضباط يوليو راقت فى أعينهم لعبة السلطة والسياسة واستولوا على مؤسسات الدولة وهيمنوا عليها وجعلوا دور مصر تتقزم أمام عصابة الصهاينة ما كانت أن تنتصر فى مواقع إلا بتخاذل وتخلف النظام السياسى التى انتهجته السلطة العسكرية التى كانت تحكم مصر والتى كانت تتعلل بعلل واهية منها الاستعمار وأعوانه فى الداخل وخونت كل من يعارضها واتهمته بالعمالة والخيانة .

  تعرض الدكتور إبراهيم لمضايقات أثناء عمله فى الجامعة مثل غيره الذين تعرضوا لهذا المصير وهم كثر، وفى هذه الشأن تقول تلميذته النجيبة عواطف عبدالجليل: “ولم نسعد طويلاً بأستاذنا الكبير، فقد سادت الجامعة سحابة من الكآبة تدنت فيها الأخلاق الجامعية وتعثرت العدالة السياسية وتحركت الأطماع الانتهازية فحولت الساحة العلمية الأكاديمية إلى غابة شرسة مظلمة وخرج إبراهيم عبده كالأسد الجريح ويعلن رأيه فى صراحة وصدق”.

مؤرخاً للصحافة:

 أرخ الدكتور إبراهيم عبده للصحافة المصرية والعربية والعالمية فى كتب عدة اعتمدت على الدقة والوثيقة وحسن استخدامها، وظهر له فى هذا المجال 13 كتاب هم: “تاريخ الطباعة والصحافة خلال الحملة الفرنسية”، و”تاريخ الوقائع المصرية 1928- 1942)، و”تطور الصحافة المصرية وأثرها فى النهضتين الفكرية والاجتماعية”، و”أعلام الصحافة العربية”، و”حول الصحافة فى عصر إسماعيل”، و”جريدة الأهرام تاريخ مصر فى خمس وسبعين عاماً”، و””Etudes Journalistques En Europe و”دراسات فى الصحافة الأوربية تاريخ وفن”، و”أبو نظارة إمام الصحافة الفكاهية المصورة وزعيم المسرح فى مصر”، و”الصحفى الثائر”، و”روز اليوسف سيرة وصحيفة”، و”الصحافة فى الولايات المتحدة نشأتها وتطورها”.

 ولنأخذ على سبيل المثال لأول كتبه “تاريخ الطباعة والصحافة فى مصر خلال الحملة الفرنسية”

الذى صدر فى طبعته الأولى سنة 1940، وألفه بتكليف من أستاذ التاريخ محمد شفيق غربال بعد أن رأى تركيز المؤرخين للحملة على الجانب السياسى والعلمى فقط وندرت التأليف حول هذا العصر اللهم إلا من مؤلفات فرنسية وضعت فى القرن 19 وبدايات القرن العشرين وقد شمر الدكتور إبراهيم عبده عن ساعد الجد واستعان بالمصادر والمراجع الأجنبية والعربية وإن كانت الأخيرة لا تشفى الغليل لأنها كانت مصنفات اولية لم تتعمق بعد ..فقرأ مؤلفات ومذكرات علماء الحملة الفرنسية وكتاب “وصف مصر” ..وقدم الدكتور عبده بفصول تمهيدية عن وسائل الاتصال بالجماهير منذ اقدم العصور وحتى الحملة الفرنسية وعدد طرقا منها كما تطرق لتاريخ المطبعة ثم تحدث عن مطابع وصحافة الحملة الفرنسية وأدوات النشر وعمل المطابع كما تحدث عن صحيفة “لو كورييه دى ليجيبت” وجريدة “لا ديكاد اجبسين” وجريدة التنبيه ..

ونقف معه فى كتاب آخر “تطور الصحافة المصرية وأثرها فى النهضتين الفكرية والاجتماعية”

الصادر فى طبعته الأولى 1944، ويتناول تاريخ الصحافة فى مصر منذ نزل بونابرت وادى النيل سنة 1798 إلى تاريخ نشر الكتاب عام 1982، ويتضمن ما أصاب الصحافة المصرية – سواء الرسمية اوالشعبية- فى هذه الفترة الطويلة من تطور فى موضوعها وشكلها، مستندا فى ذلك الى الوثائق الرسمية، كما تناول الكتاب العديد من الشخصيات الخالدة فى تاريخ الصحافة المصرية وما تركوه من آثار لاتزال واضحة فى نهج الصحافة المعاصرة مثل: أديب اسحاق، ورفاعة الطهطاوى، والشيخ محمد عبده ، والنديم، ومصطفى كامل ، ومصطفى وعلى أمين، العقاد، وطه حسين، وحافظ عوض، ومجمد التابعى… وغيرهم ممن أثروا فى تاريخ تطور الصحافةالمصرية .

  أما كتابه “تاريخ الوقائع المصرية 1928- 1942”

وأهمية هذا الكتاب ترجع للموضوع الذى تناوله – مع الاعتراف بأهمية كتاباته الأخرى – فهو يتطرق لموضوع من الأهمية بمكان لدى الباحثين فى كل مناحى الحياة فى مصر ابتداء من عهد محمد على وترجع أهمية عمله هذا إلى أن أصله رسالة ماجستير ، مما يعنى أنها دراسة علمية جادة ، وليست موضوعا للمناقشة أو للطرح كما أن الموضوع نفسه تعود أهميته إلى الدور الذى يمكن أن تقوم الوقائع المصرية لمن يريد أن يعرف أو يدرس أحوال الحياة المختلفة فى مصر . كما يروى أدق التفاصيل لمراحل تطور الجريدة والتغيرات التى طرأت على مطبعتها . ولكن الكتاب لم يقسم إلى فصول، إنما تم توزيع الموضوع على نقاط بلغت اثنتى عشرة نقطة بالإضافة إلى خاتمة. وهذه النقاط هى :

 مقدمات الطباعة والصحافة فى مصر، جرنال الخديو وديوانه، إنشاء الوقائع المصرية وإدارتها، سياسة محمد على فى توجيه الوقائع، تحرير الوقائع المصرية، تجديد الوقائع وتعديل نظامها، الوقائع المصرية فى عصر الخديو إسماعيل، رسالة الوقائع فى العصر الجديد، الوقائع صحيفة رأى وفكر، تاريخ الوقائع المصرية من سنة 1882 إلى أيامنا المعاصرة، الوقائع المصرية – القسم البرلمانى، الجريدة الرسمية الفرنسية.

وبين الكتاب أن المطبعة التى استخدمت لطباعة الوقائع المصرية ليست هى المطبعة التى أحضرها نابوليون بونابرت مع حملته على مصر، لأن مطبعة الحملة عادت إلى فرنسا فى 1803 . وقد اضطر محمد على بسبب تطور الحياة على مستوى العالم وحاجة مصر الماسة إلى مطبعة، خاصة فى تلك الفترة من تاريخ مصر والتى شهدت معظم وأوج أنشطة ومحاولات محمد على لتغيير وجه مصر، وحروبه المختلفة. فالإدارة تحتاج إلى كتابة الأوامر والتقارير، والجيش يحتاج إلى كتب ودراسات لمتطلبات الحركة التعليمية فى مصر فى تلك الفترة. أنشئت مطبعة بولاق ، أو المطبعة الأميرية وافتتحت فى 1235 هـ / 1819 – 1820 م ، وأنشأ محمد على جريدة الوقائع المصرية فى 15 رجب 1244 هـ – أى بعد تسع سنوات من تأسيس المطبعة الأميرية – ولم تكن تطبع الوقائع المصرية بانتظام ، فكانت أحياناً تطبع عدد واحد فى الأسبوع، وأحيان أخرى ثلاثة أعداد، وفى أوقات أخرى يتأخر العدد لأكثر من أسبوع وهكذا، فقد كانت خطواتها الأولى بسيطة وبدائية، وإن كانت تعكس أسلوب محمد على فى الإدارة الذى يتمثل فى إنشاء مؤسسة معينة أو نظام معين لفترة محددة لحاجة خاصة ، وتتوقف الحاجة إلى هذا النظام أو هذه المؤسسة على حاجة المجتمع من وجهة نظره

، أو على ما يراه هو مناسباً . وعلى سبيل المثال ، نظام التعليم … إلخ وكانت توزع هذه المجلة على أفراد العائلة الحاكمة وحريم محمد على ، وعلى كبار رجال الدولة والحكم ، وكبار الضباط ، ورجال الإدارة ، ثم علماء الأزهر وتلاميذ المدارس ، مجاناً فى بادئ الأمر ثم تم تحديد سعر رمزى لها بعد ذلك ، كما كانت ترسل إلى مواقع الجيش المصرى سواء فى كريت أو فى السودان … إلخ .

الدكتور إبراهيم عبده ناقداً وساخراً:

 ألف الدكتور إبراهيم عبده العديد من الكتب السياسية التى تنتقد النظام القائم فى مصر بعد ثورة يوليو 1952  ومنها كتابه “أقول للسلطان” سنة 1976 موجها حديثه للرئيس محمد أنور السادات مذكره إياه بعهوده التى قطعها على نفسه فى بداية حكمه حتى عمل علاج ما أحدثه حكم سلفه جمال عبالناصر من انتهاكات وإهدار لحقوق الإنسان، ومن غياب تام لدولة القانون والدستور، فكان أول ما فعله السادات فى هذا الإطار ثورة التصحيح فى 15مايو 1971التى عزل فيها الفسدة من مراكز القوى التى زرعت الشقاء فى مصر على مدار عقدين من الزمان، وكانت نتيجة لهذه الإصلاحات انتصارنا الساحق فى حرب اكتوبر المجيدة 1973، لأنه بالعدل تحيا الأمم..ولم يقف عن هذا الحد بل طلب منه عمل انتخابات نزيهة أسوة بما يحدث فى الدول المتقدمة صاحبة الديمقراطيات العريقة، ويذكره بأن كل نقابة ومؤسسة فى مصر تجرى فيها الانتخابات الكاملة فما بالنا برئاسة الجمهورية  وهى أولى بذلك، كما يطلب منه الحرية الكاملة للصحافة ولإصدار الصحف فهى ضمان للديمقراطية الكاملة ..

  يقول موجها حديثه إلى السادات بعدما قال فى خطاب له بأن سلفه ترك له تركة ثقيلة فى السياسة والإقتصاد: “وتحولت بذاءات اللسان أحيانا إلى تجريدات عسكرية – تجريدة إلى “الكونغو” وأخرى إلى اليمن – أو تجريدات سرية تهدف إلى انقلاب هنا أو انقلاب هناك، فإذا فشلت هذه التجريات السرية فيما تهيأت له كانت لا تعود بخفى حنين فتترك بصماتها تدميراً بمنشأة أو نسفاً لمصنع أو اغتيالا لإنسان كما يفعل تلميذه القذافى هذه الأيام …”. (أقول للسلطان ص18).

  ويواصل حديثه: “أما الوضع الإقتصادى المنهار الذى ورثه السادات عن عبدالناصر فقد حدد هذه الكارثة الاقتصادية وزير ماليتك فى بيانه فى مجلس الشعب وهو يقدم ميزانية 1976فقد أعلن أننا خسرنا 16141مليون جنيه منذ هزيمتنا فى يوينو 1967وحتى نصرنا فى أكتوبر 1973”.. ويعلق عبده على هذا ويضيف :”ويبدو أن وزير المالية كان رفيقا بالناس، فلم يرجع إلى قبل 1967 فغن السنوات العشر التى سبقت الهزيمة لها هى أيضاً اقتصادها المنهار..وهو اقتصاد لا يعرف تفاصيله أحد لأن ميزانيات الدولة والقطاع العام كان سراً..كانت أموال الشعب فى السنوات العشر تلك تبذر فى الحروب وبعثات التدمير هنا وهناك وإنشاء السجون والمعتقلات والتجسس على المواطنين فى حياتهم الخاصة والعامة..أموال مصر بذرتها “سياسة تجنيد العملاء والوكلاء وشراء الأقلام وإصدار الصحف الماجورة، واستكتاب المرتزقة الذين ياكلون على كل الموائد وينتقلون من النقيض للنقيض”.

  ثم يذكر نماذج من السرقات ونهب المال العام الذى جرى بواسطة الحكام أنفسهم وحاشيتهم ولم يتوقف هذا النهب المنظم لثروات مصر حتى بعد رحيل الدكتور عبده بل هو قديم فقد رصده المتنبى فى بيته الشهير:

                 نامت نواطير مصر عن ثعالبها …فقد بشمن وما تفنى العناقيد

بالرغم من هذا النهب المنظم والسرقات المستمرة فمال مصر موجود لا ينضب أبداً لنها خزائن الأرض ..

“تاريخ بلا وثائق”:

  هذا هو كتاب للدكتور إبراهيم عبده حاول فيه التأريخ لمصر فى عشرين عاماً منذ انقلاب محمد نجيب 23يوليو 1952 إلى ثورة التصحيح 15مايو 1971 فإذا هو يكتشف إن ما رجع إليه لا يرقى من معنى للوثائق والأسانيد ..رجع فيه إلى خطب وأحاديث عبدالناصر فلم يجد فيها ضالته المنشودة.. فالرجل وعدنا بالجنة ووعدنا بالرزق الموصول وحدثنا عن حياة للمواطنين مرفهة كريمة ترفع فيها رءوسهم بعد أجيال من الذل والاستعباد! ثم أصدر قرارات تتصل بالحريات ونظام الحكم هى غاية ما يرجوه الرعايا من راعيهم بيد أن شيئاً من ذلك لم يتحقق ولم يوضع قط موضع التنفيذ !

 ثم عاد إلى صحف هذا الزمان فإذا هى جميعاً صورة واحدة مقالاً وأخباراً وتبويباً وإعلاناً، ورآها جميعا تحمل الطبلة والمزمار ..ثم قرأ كتباً وأوراقاً صدرت عن مصلحة الاستعلامات وعن تحالف قوى الشعب العاملة التى يمثلها الاتحاد الاشتراكى، ورجع إلى الكتب الرسمية التى توزع على تلاميذ المدارس وتحكى المفاخر والأمجاد، كما رجع إلى ما كتبه المرتزقة اللبنانيون ونشروا فى بيروت من مؤلفات رعاها سفيرنا ومدهم لطبعها وتوزيعها بملايين الليرات أملايين الجنيهات ..الكتب كلها صورة واحدة كصحف مصر، وكان يكفى أن يقتصر على صحيفة واحدة يقرؤها المصريون وكتاب واحد تنشره إحدى هذه الهيئات، فإن المتن سواء فى الصحف أو الكتب تكرار ثقيل وممل لأمجاد وهمية ومغالطات غبية، لكنها الدعاية الفطيرة السمجة التى رسمت وخططت حتى لا يغيب عن الآذان النقر على الطبلة أو النفخ فى فى المزماز .

 وحاول أن يدرس السياسة الخارجية فى عهد عبدالناصر فبدأ بقضية الكونغو وزعيمها “لومومبا” وخصمه “تشومبى” فلم يجد ورقة صادقة تكشف عن هذا النصيب سواء اتصل برجالنا الذين حاربوا أو بمالنا الذى بذر وراح هباء..

 أراد أن يعرف بالأدلة شيئا عن حرب اليمن ..الفيالق التى ذبحت فى جبال ذلك البلد التعس السعيد! ومئات الملايين التى صرفت على التجريدة التى أمر بها الراحل عبدالناصر وأطنان الذهب التى وزعت على القبائل والمشتريات التى عادت بها الطائرات لحساب أصفياء المشير عبدالحكيم عامر الذين حاربوا من مكاتبهم ومنحوا القلائد تزين صدورهم كأنهم أبطال من طروادة أو أبطال مقدونيا فى عهد الأسكنر ذى القرنين.

 أراد أن يعلم شيئاً عن هذه الأحداث فلم يجد وثيقة تحكى شيئاً ، فكل الوثائق التى تتحدث عن ذلك إما ضائعة وإما فى بطون أصحابها ، وإما فى مكان لا يراد أن تنبش فيه إلا بعد خمسين عاماً، فقد يسىء النبش إلى حى أو ميت!.

 لذا لم ييئس الرجل فقد دون على صفحات كتابه هذا ما رآه وعاشه وكان شاهدا عليه ملايين المصريين الذين رزق البؤس والشقاء فى هذا العصر الرهيب.

ومن النفاق ما قتل:

 ألف الدكتور إبراهيم عبده كتابه المهم “ومن النفاق ما قتل”

بعدما رأى سدنة الطغاة فى كل العصور يتلونون بلون الحاكم ويغيرون جلدهم فى كل عصر ومصر، وظيفتهم هى عزل الحاكم عن الواقع وتلميعه بالباطل حفاظا على مصالحهم الضيقة جدا، ويعدد مظاهر النفاق فى عصر عبدالناصر التى كانت دعائم حكمه تقوم دائما على أكتاف المنافقين والمستغلين من أهل الثقة.. من كان سبباً فى كارثة مصر سنة «1967» إنهم المنافقون الذين أدخلوا فى روع الرئيس جمال عبدالناصر أنه جاء بما لم يجئ به موسى وعيسى ومحمد عليهم الصلاة والسلام قالها محافظ ولم يعاقب على كفره بل رقى محافظا للعاصمة ثم عين وزيرا بعد ذلك.. ثم من الذى أفسد النظام فى عهد عبدالناصر المنافقون الذين ألفوا أغنية لاتقال إلا فى ذكر الله سبحانه وتعالى.. «لبيك عبدالناصر لبيك».. ولم يرحمه المنافقون من نفاقهم يوم وفاته فنشروا صورته تحتضن الكعبة الشريفة وتحتها كتب أنه بعث نورا للناس – تماما كما بعث محمد عليه الصلاة والسلام.

ثم ماذا.. رحل عبدالناصر وجاء السادات.. رجلا متواضعا يحنى رأسه إجلالا لتمثال سلفه فى مجلس الأمة جاء السادات وفعل العجب حتى استقطب جميع الناس ثم ماذا؟.. استفتح المنافقون دورهم الخالد فبدأت الأغانى فى تمجيد الرئيس الطيب تنشد فى الإذاعة والتلفزيون وعلى سبيل المثال وليس الحصر.. شاهدنا وزير الداخلية النبوى إسماعيل يعلن للرئيس نتيجة الاستفتاءات وقد وقف كأنه فى محراب وذكر عبارة يا سيادة الرئيس أكثر من ثلاث وثلاثين مرة ولم يستغرق اللقاء أكثر من عشر دقائق!!

 وقد اعتادت المذيعة الكبيرة همت مصطفى أن تسجل للرئيس السادات حديثا يوم عيد ميلاده.. ثم رحب بخطى الرئيس السادات منذ ألغى الحراسات وأغلق السجون والمعتقلات وانتصر فى أكتوبر وختم جهاده بكامب ديفيد ومعاهدة السلام، ثم بلغ نفاق المنافقين ذروته بعد تلك الأحداث ودعمه نفاق وارد من الولايات المتحدة وأوربا باعتباره بطلا للسلام وهذا حق فالسلام أمنية مصر والعالم أجمع.. وفى مأدبة أقامها الرئيس السادات فى واشنطن قام بوش نائب الرئيس ريجان خطيبا فقال.. إن الله سبحانه وتعالى خلق العالم فى ستة أيام.. كان يخلق كل يوم ملايين البشر وملايين الزواحف والأنعام.. ثم خصص سبحانه يوما لخلق السيد المسيح عليه السلام.. وفى يوم خلق الرئيس السادات وما أظنه فى ذلك اليوم خلق شيئا اكتفاء بهذا العمل العظيم وكان ضمن الحضور من الصحافة المصرية زميل العمر دكتور مصطفى محمود والكبيرة أمينة السعيد.. التفت مصطفى محمود وأمينة السعيد إلى رؤساء تحرير الصحف وقال: إياكم أن ترسلوا بهذا القول إلى صحفكم فإن نشر كلمة بوش سوف تسىء إلى المسلمين والمسيحيين على السواء.

 وفى اليوم التالى استدعى الرئيس السادات رؤساء التحرير باسم الثغر منشرح الصدر فهو «بشر» وسألهم عن قول بوش وهل استوعبوا كلامه فتقدم منافق منهم وقال إن السيدة أمينة السعيد ولم يذكر مصطفى محمود نفاقا لمصطفى.. وقال إنها نصحت بعدم نشره.. ولكنهم جميعا أرسلوا بذلك الحديث العظيم وقد نشر.. ونظر الرئيس شذرا إلى أمينة السعيد ولم يقل شيئا. صدقونى ما من أحد فى العالم يلقى هذا النفاق ويعيش وسط هذا الرياء ويقرأ ويسمع أنه منزه لايخطئ ما من أحد فى العالم يحاط بكل هذا النفاق ويبقى على طبعه الأصيل فلابد أن تغره الدنيا وأنه والأنبياء على قدم المساواة. (ومن النفاق ما قتل 1982 – ص 130-131)

  ومثال آخر رواه الدكتور إبراهيم عبده: «عندما قال السادات فى خطبة ألقاها بمناسبة تأسيس جامعة الشعوب العربية والإسلامية أن رفاعة الطهطاوى قاد الجماهير لمحاربة الولاة والخديويين، فكتبت للرئيس رسالة أنبه إلى أن الرجل نشأ وعاش ومات فى حجر السلطة، وأنه كان رجل علم، ولم تكن هناك صحف تصل بينه وبين جماهير المصريين، حتى يشتغل هو أو غيره من الإعلام بالشئون السياسية. ومن طريف ما حدث أن الرئيس بعث برسالتى إلى كاتب خطبته، ويبدو أن كاتب الخطبة كان قد استعان بصديق فى كتابتها فطلب إليه أن يرد على رسالتى، وإذا بى أقرأ من غير مناسبة مقالة عن الطهطاوى فى إحدى صحف الحكومة فى 9 ديسمبر 1980 يحدثنا فيها كاتبها أن الطهطاوى ترجم دستور 1866 وأنه أول من ذكر فى كتبه لفظ (الوطنية) و(الأمة) وبذلك يكون الرجل زعيما سياسيا، مع أن كلمة الأمة ذكرها الله تعالى حين قال للمسلمين كنتم خير أمة أخرجتم للناس، واستعمل المؤرخون كلمة الوطنية والوطن قبل أن يولد الطهطاوى بقرون. وهكذا صوروا للرئيس رحمه الله أن الطهطاوى الذى ترجم الدستور بأمر من الخديو إسماعيل، زعيم سياسى يقف على قدم المساواة مع مصطفى كامل وسعد زغلول ومصطفى النحاس».  (ومن النفاق ما قتل 1982 – ص 133)

 ويضيف قائلا «من الخطب التى وضعت للرئيس وألقاها فى مجلس الشعب فى نوفمبر 1980 خطبة جاء فى فقرة منها أن الحقوق التاريخية لعروبة القدس «لا يمكن تجاهلها» وأنه تحدث فى هذا الأمر مع بيجين، وقال له «إن الأب اسطفانوس رفض تسليم القدس إلا للخليفة عمر بن الخطاب وكان ذلك بعد الحروب الصليبية» ومعنى ذلك أن القدس سُلمت لعمر بن الخطاب بعد وفاته بنحو ثمانمائة عام. أما فى خطبته الأخيرة فقد ظهر جهل معدى خطبه بالتاريخ حين كرر السادات ست مرات، أن نوبار باشا ولى الحكم بعد سعد زغلول سنة 1924، بينما نوبار باشا هذا مات قبل استقالة سعد زغلول، والذى ولى الوزارة بعد سعد هو زيور باشا. ومن النفاق الحقير أن صحفيا مرموقا اتصل بالرقيب الخفى الذى لا يعلن عنه، وبين له وجه الحق فى المسألة ليصدر أوامره لتصحح الصحف اسم الرجل الذى جاء فى الوزارة بعد سعد زغلول، ولم يكتف بهذا الصحفى المرموق بل اتصل بالصحف نفسها، ولما كان الجبن سيد أخلاق المنافقين فإن رؤساء الصحف لم يجرؤوا على تصحيح الواقعة حتى لا يغضب السلطان، وصدرت الصحف جميعا فى اليوم التالى إلا الأخبار وفيها أن نوبار باشا الذى مات فى القرن التاسع عشر جاء رئيسا للوزارة بعد سعد زغلول سنة 1924».(ومن النفاق ما قتل 1982 – ص 134)

 ويعلق  الدكتور إبراهيم عبده على كل هذه الوقائع التى لا تشكل سوى قطرة فى بحر النفاق الذى أغرقنا عبر السنين «صدقونى ما من أحد فى العالم يلقى هذا النفاق ويعيش وسط هذا الرياء ويقرأ ويسمع كل يوم وكل ساعة ولحظة أنه منزه ولا يخطئ، وأنه والأنبياء على قدم المساواة، وأن قوله لا يأتيه الباطل أبدا وأن فى مقدوره أن يرحم أو لا يرحم وأن فى استطاعته أن يرمى ببعض خصومه من رجال الدين فى السجون كالكلاب. ما من أحد فى العالم يحاط بكل هذا النفاق ويبقى على طبعه الأصيل، فلابد أن تغره الدنيا، ولا يقبل نقدا لسلطانه أو تصويبا لبيانه، فمن المسئول عن هذا كله؟، إنه النفاق الذى مهد لكل بلاء أصابنا أو أصاب السلطان».

  هذا غيث من قطرات من حياة وكتابات الأستاذ الكتور إبراهيم عبده (1913- 1986) أستاذ الصحافة والكاتب الساخر الكبير والناقد الحصيف الذى اثرى حياتنا بمؤلفات جليلة القدر أبان فيها عن جانب مهم من تاريخ الصحافة العربية وصحح لنا معلومات مغلوطة وكاذبة عن عصر الهزائم والمظالم ولم يكتف بهذا بل طالب السادات ومبارك فى بداية حكمهما بأن يستفيدا من أخطاء الماضى الليم ولكن هيهات فقد بدأ السادات عصره بإنجارات وانتهى إلى ما انتهى إليه سلفه من انتكاسات، وكذلك مبارك فقد صنع بعض الانجازات فى بداية حكمه، ولكنه استسلم للفساد ولمستشارى السوء، والرجل كان لديه استعداد فطرى لصنع هذا الفساد حتى أطاحت به فى النهاية الثورة الشعبية الكبرى فى 25يناير 2011.

  وقد رحل الدكتور إبراهيم عبده سنة 1986..

Be Good Writer

There are many good reasons why attending a writing conference can be a fantastic experience for different kinds of writers at all different stages in their careers. However going to one is an investment of both time and money and therefore if you find a conference that you would like to attend, it is worth preparing before you go and making sure you are ready to get the most out of it.

Here are 6 great tips to ensure you have the best experience and get the most from a writing conference.

1. Get in the right headspace

Before you head to your writing conference you want to make sure you are in the right mindset. Don’t put too much pressure on yourself and don’t build it up too much. Sometimes it is easy to take it all too seriously and make yourself so nervous that you can forget to enjoy yourself or find it difficult to take anything in. At the same time to think of it as an opportunity – you will meet a whole range of people and can learn a great deal, so while it is good to relax, don’t become too laid back either.

 

2. Do some research

It will be easy to find out which editors and agents will be attending the conference. Google them. Doing your research to find out what kind of publications they work for, what kind of writers they have worked with before, and which genres of writing they are most interested and experienced it will put you in the know, and then you can make sure you talk to the right people when you arrive. Also proving that you have taken an interest in their work is sure to make a great first impression.

3. Be prepared

If you are attending the conference in the hope that you might have publishers or agents take an interest in your work then make sure your manuscript is in the best shape it can be, that you have hard copies printed out as well as a well-written synopsis. Be prepared to talk about your work eloquently. Know how to summarise your plot and make it sound brilliant, think about your target audience and why each publisher or agent would want to work with you. Being confident and clear about your work will give you a much better chance of being considered, and you will come away feeling much more positive about your interactions too.

4. Be professional

man- KILLER mind

Remember a writing conference is a business opportunity. You want to impress, you need to sell yourself, you want to stand out, and to network successfully. Make sure you look the part. You don’t need to channel high-powered business person, but at the same time looking smart and professional generally makes a positive impression. Listen carefully to speakers, make the most of the workshops by taking notes and asking insightful questions. Be polite and friendly to everyone you meet, regardless of whether you think they can benefit you or not.

5. Manage your own expectations and be yourself

 

Writing conferences are great places to network, meet potential publishers, make connections and learn new things. However, you have to be realistic about what to expect. You are unlikely to walk away with a signed and sealed publishing deal so don’t think that this is going to happen. It is also a good idea to remember that some people might not like or be interested in your work, and that is OK, so prepare yourself for this as well. 

It is also important to be yourself, whatever the circumstances. If you relax, be friendly, interested and open you will come across as genuine and likable, and that means you are far more likely to come away from the conference feeling as though you had a good time.

6. Set your goals before you go

Make sure you research any conference before you book. The last thing you want is to attend a conference that isn’t really suited to your needs. Look for ones that are highly recommended and consider several different types before you decide. Write down your goals before you go, make sure they are achievable and come up with great strategies as to how you might achieve them.

Whether you are looking to improve your writing, meet like-minded people, gain valuable contacts or talk to potential publishers, writing conference can be extremely useful. By following the above advice you are sure to choose the right one for you and make the most of your time there.

Recharge your sexual drive

Recharge your sexual energy

If lack of energy has drained your sex life, there are ways to reignite the passion.

Your sexual drive can stay high late in life, but often your energy for sex can diminish. Low energy not only affects your sex life, but can carry over to other parts of your life, too. You can become apathetic, no longer find pleasure in favorite activities, and become more sedentary.

However, many of these issues related to lost sexual energy can be addressed. “Never think lack of energy means an end to your sex life, and there is nothing you can do about it,” says Dr. Sharon Bober, director of the Harvard-affiliated Dana-Farber Sexual Health Program. “There are many strategies you can adopt to get back in the game.”

Find your energy drainers

Your lost sexual vim and vigor is often related to some kind of physical, emotional, or relationship issue. Here’s a look at the most common causes.

Low hormones. Lack of sexual energy could be due to male hypogonadism, which occurs when the testicles do not produce enough testosterone, the male sex hormone. In fact, fatigue is one of the most common side effects.

Testosterone levels drop about 1% each year beginning in a man’s late 30s, and could fall by as much as 50% by age 70. (A blood test from your doctor can determine if you have low testosterone.) Testosterone replacement therapy, which is given via absorbable pellet implants, topical gels, patches, and injections, can often help spark sexual energy in men with low levels.

Findings from a study published online Aug. 1, 2016, by The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism showed that a year of testosterone therapy improved libido in 275 men (average age 72) with confirmed low testosterone. Compared with men in a placebo group, frequency of sexual arousal increased by about 50%, and they were able to have almost twice as many erections.

Speak with your doctor about whether testosterone therapy is an option for you. Long- term risks are not well known, but there is concern for an increased risk of heart disease and prostate problems.

Erectile dysfunction. Men with erectile dysfunction can experience low energy because the condition can be a blow to their self-esteem. “Men may feel embarrassed about it or worry they will be judged in some way if they cannot perform as well as they once did, so motivation and energy for sex gets depleted,” says Dr. Bober.

In this case, speak with your doctor about taking an ED drug or exploring other options for getting or keeping an erection, like using a penile pump.

Even though talking about ED may be difficult, it’s important to open up lines of communication with your partner. “For many men, it can help relieve stress to know they are not alone and someone is there for support.”

Poor sleep. Lack of sleep can be one of the main energy zappers. Poor sleep can increase stress levels and interfere with how your body and brain store and use energy, which is why you feel so sluggish after not sleeping well. And if you are tired, you have less energy for sex. Talk with your doctor if you have trouble sleeping. Steps like changing medication or dose, cognitive behavioral therapy, and adjusting your diet and sleeping environment can often improve sleep quality.

Lack of movement. When you have no sexual energy, you need to get moving. Regular exercise is one of the best natural energy boosters. Numerous studies have linked exercise with improving fatigue, especially among sedentary people. You don’t need much to get a jolt — 2.5 hours per week of moderate-intensity exercise can do the trick. Focus on a combination of cardio and weight-bearing exercises like brisk walking and strength training.

 

Get checked out

Many medical conditions can affect sexual drives, such as obesity, diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. So be diligent about regular medical check-ups. Also, many drugs, including blood pressure drugs, antidepressants, and tranquilizers can produce erectile difficulties. Consult with your doctor if you take any of these.

Back in sync

Lack of energy also could be relationship-oriented, if you and your partner are not in sexual sync. For instance, you may have the energy for sex, but your partner doesn’t, or at least not at the same level.

“Sex may not always be comfortable for women because of menopausal symptoms like vaginal dryness. If sexual activity is physically uncomfortable, not surprisingly, a woman’s sex drive also diminishes,” says Dr. Bober. “This can affect both partners, and if a man is worried that he might hurt his partner, that will certainly affect his interest in sex, too.”

In this situation, you need to communicate with your partner about how important sex is to you. It’s not about making demands, but about finding ways to explore mutual goals, such as pleasure and closeness.

“Perhaps it means negotiating a compromise just like you do in other aspects of a relationship,” says Dr. Bober. “Partners find ways to share everything from household chores to bill planning, and sex shouldn’t be any different.”

There’s a lot of room to find common ground, she adds. “There are many ways to be sexually active with your partner besides traditional intercourse. For example, you can ask your partner to be with you when you pleasure yourself, which feels intimate and can allow both partners to feel connected.”

Talk about it

Sometimes the sexual barrier is not about sex at all. An open dialogue also can reveal issues beneath the surface that may interfere with your partner’s sexual energy.

“Your partner may desire sex as much as you, but there may be underlying problems in the relationship that could affect sexual desire and need to be addressed,” says Dr. Bober.

Finally, another way to ignite lost sexual energy is to do new things together. “Couples can get into routines that can make for boring sex lives,” says Dr. Bober. “It can be fun to speak with your partner about ways to keep the relationship interesting and erotic.”

Many times, this can be done outside the bedroom, like having more date nights, going for long weekend romantic getaways, or even doing simple activities together like joining a club or taking a class.

“Investing in change can energize both you and your partner, and most important, pave the way for a renewed sense of closeness and novelty that is great for all couples,” says Dr. Bober.

Fear of falling : efficacy of virtual reality associated with serious games in elderly people.

Abstract :

OBJECTIVE :

Fear of falling is defined as an ongoing concern about falling that is not explained by physical examination. Focusing on the psychological dimension of this pathology (phobic reaction to walking), we looked at how virtual reality associated with serious games can be used to treat this pathology.

METHODS :

Participants with fear of falling were randomly assigned to either a treatment group or a waiting list. The therapy consisted of 12 weekly sessions of virtual reality exposure therapy associated with serious games.

RESULTS :

Sixteen participants were included. The mean age of the treatment group was 72 years and that of the control group was 69 years. Participants’ scores on the fear of falling measure improved after treatment with virtual reality associated with serious games, leading to a significant difference between the two groups.

CONCLUSION :

Virtual reality exposure therapy associated with serious games can be used in the treatment of fear of falling. The two techniques are complementary (top-down and bottom-up processes). To our knowledge, this is the first time that a combination of the two has been assessed. There was a specific effect of this therapy on the phobic reaction. Further studies are needed to confirm its efficacy and identify its underlying mechanism.

Auteurs : Levy F, Leboucher P, Rautureau G, Komano O, Millet B, Jouvent